Ponencias (Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11404

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A 4D grid based approach for efficient conflict detection in large-scale multi-UAV scenarios
(IEEE, 2019) Acevedo Báñez, José Joaquín; Rodríguez Castaño, Ángel; Andrade Pineda, José Luis; Ollero Baturone, Aníbal; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I
This paper proposes an algorithm to detect conflicts among UAVs from a strategic point of view. The method is based on the representation of the airspace as a 4D grid of cells. Given a set of UAVs with their scheduled 4D trajectories (their flight plans), the whole scenario is discretized as a 4D grid and the problem is solved by filling the appropriate cell for each way-point from the trajectories and checking the neighboring cells. The proposed method is tested and compared against a traditional algorithm getting a significantly better performance. The proposed method also scales very well with increasing number of UAVs and way-points per trajectory.
Policies and decision models for solving elective case Operating Room scheduling
(IEEE, 2009) Molina Pariente, José Manuel; Framiñán Torres, José Manuel; Gómez Cía, Tomás; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I
Surgical cases constitute one of the most important activities in a hospital both from social and economics point of view. The most expensive facility involved in the surgical process is the Operating Room (OR), as it consumes between 10-15% of the budget in a hospital. Therefore, adequate decision-making for planning and scheduling ORs is of vital importance. This process can be decomposed in three phases: session panning problem (SPP), master surgical schedule (MSS) and elective case scheduling (ECS). In this paper, we focus on ECS, which serves to assign dates for surgery to all patients in the surgical unit's waiting list. In our model, patients must be operated before an exogenous deadline, while taking into account the different availability of surgeons. For this problem, we have developed a mixed integer programming model. We analyse two different policies corresponding to different surgical service models. In the P-S-OR policy, patients are first assigned to a surgeon and subsequently the set ldquopatient-surgeonrdquo is allocated to an OR shift. In the P-OR-S policy, patients are first assigned to an OR shift, and later a surgeon is assigned to each OR shift in the planning horizon. These two policies are tested using real surgical data from a surgical unit in a Spanish hospital. The results yielded by the P-OR-S policy suggest the latter to be more flexible than P-S-OR, as the patient doesn't have assigned a surgeon and therefore he/she does not depend on the surgeon's availability.
Application of Degradation and Optimization Models for digitization of Maintenance Management in Railway Infrastructures
(Elsevier, 2024-06) Rodríguez Hernández, Mauricio Andrés; González-Prida, Vicente; Sánchez Herguedas, Antonio Jesús; Crespo Márquez, Adolfo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP134: Organización Industrial
This study presents an innovative methodology to improve the maintenance of railway infrastructures, integrating degradation models and economic optimization. The combination of a degradation model and a semi-Markovian model supported by the Weibull function, calculates the economically optimal degradation, to release the preventive intervention. The development of digital twins of assets and infrastructures makes possible the integration of online data and the incorporation of models that help the maintenance manager in decision-making. Organizations must determine the information to be collected from the assets. Transform the information into inputs for the models and, after their application, would allow them to identify the most economically favorable global maintenance scenarios. This work evolves the decision support on preventive maintenance implementation in the railway sector. From a decision table, used by railway managers, with three levels of risk established subjectively on an experimental basis, it evolves to the objective methodology, designed to determine the optimal degradation. The methodology can be applied to assets by maintenance managers but can also be incorporated into the digital twins. The case study illustrates the practical application of this methodology to the degradation of railway track sections. The research emphasizes the importance of data-driven decision-making for economic maintenance management. However, other priorities such as transportation safety and efficiency could complement the economic one.
Exploring MBSE for asset digitalisation in the energy sector. A Battery Energy Storage System design study
(Elsevier, 2024-06) Martínez Sillero, Celia; Guillén López, Antonio Jesús; López Domínguez, José; González-Prida, Vicente; Gómez Fernández, Juan Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP134: Organización Industrial
This study explores an approach to improve the design process for complex systems in the energy industry, with a focus on how digitalisation-enhanced procedures and Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) methodologies are assisting in their goals. The main purpose is to analyse how MBSE tools can be used for enhancing design and development. processes with special emphasis on Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). The use of digital technologies in the design process of complex systems expands the possibilities and ambitions of technological solutions. A complex system seeks to solve problems that address multiple areas of knowledge. For its design, collaboration in multidisciplinary teams is essential. The increase in the scope of projects makes it essential to formalize the integration of partial solutions in a System of Systems (SoS) that solves the general problem consistently and cohesively. In a more detailed case study, the present research applies System Composer from Mathworks for supporting requirements management, traceability, and system architecture design. Among the main findings of this contribution, it describes the use of MBSE and how it might integrate with digitalisation as well as servitization. Summarizing, this research states that the advantages of MBSE are the increase of efficiency in the internal processes, providing additional value in services to customers. In fact, there is a need for more research about the relationship of MBSE, digitalisation, and servitization.
Application of Digital Twin Technology for the Digitization of Railway Maintenance Services in compliance with European Regulation EU 779/2019
(Elsevier, 2024-06) Guillén López, Antonio Jesús; Sánchez Herguedas, Antonio Jesús; Rodríguez Hernández, Mauricio Andrés; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP134: Organización Industrial
This paper delves into the application of Digital Twin Technology (DTT) in the digitalization of assets, processes, and services to improve maintenance performance in railway applications in the context of European Regulation EU 779/2019. Digitalization plays a pivotal role in certifying the suitability of rolling stock in the railway sector. The primary objective of this study is to meticulously examine the fundamental tasks required to build a digital twin in this specific context. The process involves the contributions of key entities fulfilling specific roles: the maintenance and asset certification service provider ensures the integrity and compliance of rolling stock; specialists in IoT and process automation, along with experts in software platforms and services, are tasked with implementing the technological aspects of the digital twin. As a result, a methodology is proposed for the integration of digital design that combines three approaches: Service approach, platform architecture, and model-based asset digitalization. This paper delineates critical stages, from data acquisition and management to model creation and information integration, highlighting the crucial role of DTT in this process. Furthermore, the challenge of digitalization in situations where assets and processes are in an initial state of low or non-existent digitalization is underscored. A profound understanding of digital assets, information layers, and underlying models becomes crucial in the context of the current challenges of railway digitalization.
Asset Digitalization Strategy using IoT Platforms and Asset Health Model
(Elsevier, 2024) Candón, Eduardo; Crespo Márquez, Adolfo; Guillén López, Antonio Jesús; Gómez Fernández, Juan Francisco; López, José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP134: Organización Industrial
Despite technological advances in areas such as digital twins, we still face a significant challenge in asset digitization. This challenge lies in the precise and comprehensive determination of how assets adapt to the new management of complex systems that arise as a result of digitization. This gap in understanding and implementing asset digitization directly impacts the organization of information related to these assets. Digital assets are much more than mere pieces of machinery; they are crucial components in an interconnected digital ecosystem. Without a precise understanding of how these assets integrate and behave in this new digital environment, our decision-making and management capabilities are compromised. This can lead to operational inefficiencies, unnecessary costs, and ultimately a decrease in the quality of service and infrastructure reliability. This article focuses on addressing this challenge from an asset digitization-centered perspective. It provides a practical case of how we can advance in this space through the integration of various models. This includes the interpretation of how we define and categorize assets according to established standards, the assessment of the criticality of these assets, and the combination of Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring models with the Asset Health Index (AHI) model. This integration of models offers a holistic view of asset digitization, covering different levels of complex asset system management, and enables a better connection between real-time monitoring and a deeper, long-term understanding of asset condition and performance. The resulting synergy enhances the effectiveness of asset digitization strategies, especially in critical applications such as infrastructure management. A concrete example is presented in the article: the digitization of a bridge. This demonstrates how these practices can have a positive impact on asset management and maintenance in the context of digital transformation, contributing to improving the safety, efficiency, and reliability of our digital infrastructures.
Designing Smart Product-Service Systems: The SEEM-Smart Methodology and Its Application in the Electrical Industrial Sector
(Elsevier, 2024) Zani, Vanessa; González-Prida, Vicente; Arioli, Veronica; Sala, Roberto; Pirola, Fabiana; Guillén López, Antonio Jesús; Crespo Márquez, Adolfo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP134: Organización Industrial
Regarding the implementation of smart technologies in Product Service Systems (PSS), this research proposes the SEEM-Smart Methodology as a model aimed at promoting innovations that provides better support for the development of Smart PSS. The methodology builds further by taking a data driven approach ensuring that both customer needs and company objectives are achieved. The research applies a case study approach studying the use of SEEM-Smart Methodology within the electrical industrial sector, specifically focusing on the analysis and conceptualization phases. This approach is characterized by its five interconnected phases: analysis of the customer needs, conceptualization of the PSS solution, design of PSS-related components, development and validation of the PSS proof of concept, and finally data monitoring. The results show that the SEEM-Smart Methodology is a useful approach to designing and engineering Smart PSS, indicating an organized, dynamic, iterative process facilitating ongoing enhancement. As a comprehensive design model that can be easily applied in the industrial context, the study finds that SEEM-Smart Methodology has significant value when it comes to Smart PSS. It fills gaps between customer orientation in the design and implementation of smart systems.
Industrial demand side flexibility: the case of the metallurgy sector in Spain
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023-06) Dorado Galatoire, Erick Andrés; Arcos Vargas, Ángel; Martínez Ramos, José Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
This paper analyzes the current situation of the final electricity demand in Spain, with emphasis on large consumers, and estimates the metallurgy flexibility potential, whose load curtailment capacity could be incorporated in the adjustment services markets to improve the physical operation of the electricity grid. To estimate the metallurgy load curtailment capacity, we use public information from a study carried out in France with the participation of important industrial agents, and actual data from Spain about the annual energy balance, and the sectoral evolution of electricity demand by large consumers, for the period from January 2010 to December 2021. The results show that the final electricity demand by large consumers represents 44.43% of the total final electricity demand in Spain, and metallurgy has the largest weight with an average annual demand of 21 632 GWh, and an estimated average load curtailment capacity of 1.66 GW, 1.61 GW and 1.39 GW for 30 minutes, 2 hours and 8 hours of duration respectively. The incorporation of demand response in electricity markets allows meeting the need for flexibility of the electricity grid, and for metallurgy represents a diversification of its sources of income, which could become an important business opportunity.
Permutation flowshop scheduling problem with total core idle time minimization
(Elsevier, 2022) Sánchez de los Reyes, Paula; Pérez González, Paz; Framiñán Torres, José Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Junta de Andalucía; Gobierno de España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP134: Organización Industrial
In this paper, we present a deterministic permutation flowshop scheduling problem with a new objective function, the total core idle time. The interest of this objective is related to reduce the energy consumption of the system, taking into account that the energy needed during the processing times is constant, and that machines are switched off during the front and back idle times. Therefore, the energy consumption is dependent on the time where machines are in stand-by mode, i.e during the idle time of machines between jobs, named as core idle times. Constructive heuristics and metaheuristics are adapted from the permutation flowshop scheduling literature for classical objectives as makespan and total completion time. Additionally, a new variant of one of the metaheuristic is proposed, the VBIH-P. An experimental evaluation has been carried out to analyse the performance of all the methods. The results show an excellent performance of the VBIH-P compared to the adapted methods.
Implications of implementing industrial symbiosis for supply chain dynamics
(Elsevier, 2022) Fussone, Rebecca; Domínguez Cañizares, Roberto; Cannella, Salvatore; Framiñán Torres, José Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento; Universidad de Catania; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP134: Organización Industrial
Industrial symbiosis has been recognized as a promising strategy to move towards a Circular Economy. However, its impact on the supply chain dynamics is still unexplored. For this reason, with this work we aim to contribute to this research gap analysing the dynamic performance of symbiotic supply chains. Through the agent-based modeling technique, we study two identical three-echelon supply chains, where there is a symbiotic exchange of waste between two manufacturers. We analyse a set of scenarios based on different demand/supply trade-ofs and lead time of the treatment process for the waste, and evaluate them in terms of bullwhip effect. Based on our results, we state that the volume of order decreases with the increase of the symbiotic flow, while the order variability increases with it. Our findings suggest that, under certain conditions, symbiotic supply chains can turn into self-contained systems.
Assessing the potential of decentralised scheduling: An experimental study for the job shop case
(Elsevier, 2022) Framiñán Torres, José Manuel; Pérez González, Paz; Fernández-Viagas Escudero, Víctor; González, Victoria; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP134: Organización Industrial
In this paper we investigate how decentralised scheduling approaches can be used to improve manufacturing scheduling. In view of the potential shown by some of these novel decentralised approaches, we conduct a series of experiments on a set of job shop instances subject to different degrees of variability in their processing times, and compare the performance of different scoring methods under the Contract Net Protocol proposed by Guizzi et al. (2019) with the objective of minimizing the expected makespan. We also compare the performance of the optimal (centralised and deterministic) solution in the stochastic setting, as well as a hybrid centralised-decentralised approach. Despite some limitations in the experiments, the results show the excellent performance of the decentralised approach if its operating parameters are optimized, and that the hybrid approach serves to overcome some of the problems of both centralised and decentralised approaches.
A new data-driven framework to select the optimal replenishment strategy in complex supply chains
(Elsevier, 2022) Corsini, Roberto R.; Costa, Antonio; Fichera, Sergio; Framiñán Torres, José Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP134: Organización Industrial
Motivated by the high variability of markets occurred in the last years, which in turns determined significant uncertainty in lead times and supply chain dynamics, this paper introduces a data-driven framework based on machine learning and metaheuristic optimization to dynamically select the most suitable replenishment strategy for a complex two-echelon (supplier-inventory-factory) supply chain (SC) problem with perishable product and stochastic lead times. Since the supplier dispatches the product (i.e., the raw material) with a fixed expiration date, the product shelf-life strictly depends on the related delivery lead time, which is subject to uncertainty. In addition, a minimum order quantity has to be fulfilled and the time between two consecutive orders cannot be less than one month. The aim of the work is to select the most suitable replenishment strategy able to minimize the average stock level, which is a surrogate cost metric, while respecting a target fill rate. Considering a smoothing order-up-to policy, the data-driven prediction-optimization framework makes use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to select the best replenishment parameters (i.e., forecasting factor, proportional controller and safety stock factor) able to dynamically enhance the SC economic performance under the fill rate constraint. The ability of the framework under the predictive and the optimization perspective is assessed and a sensitivity analysis on the influence of replenishment parameters is presented as well.
Metodología para la optimización de sistemas de control de la producción parametrizados basados en tarjetas
(ADINGOR, 2005) González Rodríguez, Pedro Luis; Ruiz Usano, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España
Los sistemas de control de la producción basados en tarjetas han demostrado ser una alternativa más eficiente a aquellos entornos de producción JIT que los sistemas Kanban tradicionales. Al igual que los sistemas Kanban, los sistemas a medida se caracterizan por un vector de tarjetas. Al igual que los sistemas Kanban la optimización de este tipo de sistemas radica en el correcto establecimiento del número de tarjetas como componentes del vector que caracteriza su respuesta. Por otra parte hay que tener en cuenta que es posible determinar a priori que ciertas soluciones van a obtener la misma respuesta que otro vector solución. Para determinar dichas soluciones se emplean las denominadas propiedades estructurales. Sin embargo, no existe una metodología clara que ayude a la optimización de este tipo de sistemas. En el presente trabajo se realiza una reflexión sobre los parámetros a tener en cuenta en la optimización de este tipo de sistemas, así como se pone de manifiesto una metodología para la optimización de dichos sistemas de control de la producción.
Comparación de dos medidas de la eficiencia de algoritmos paralelos
(ADINGOR, 2007) León Blanco, José Miguel; Framiñán Torres, José Manuel; González Rodríguez, Pedro Luis; Pérez González, Paz; Ruiz Usano, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I
Se comparan, en este trabajo, dos posibilidades para medir la efi ciencia de un algoritmo paralelo, o su capacidad de aprovechar los recursos de un sistema informático paralelo. Por un lado, mediante la comparación de los tiempos de ejecución con uno y varios procesadores. Por otro, mediante la comparación de la calidad de las soluciones obtenidas cuando se emplea el mismo número de iteraciones con uno y con varios procesadores. Los resultados en cuanto a dispersión de los valores de efi ciencia para diferentes tamaños de problema, llevan a plantear la aplicabilidad de ambas medidas a uno o a otro tipo de sistema paralelo.
Optimización de sistemas vesiculares mediante métodos Taguchi
(ADINGOR, 2004) González Rodríguez, Pedro Luis; Framiñán Torres, José Manuel; Ruiz Usano, Rafael; López Pinto, José Manuel; Palma Hueso, Julia; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I
El diseño experimental (DOE) y los métodos Taguchi son una herramienta ampliamente utilizada en la optimización de productos, procesos o servicios, por lo que resulta de enorme interés en el ámbito de la Ingeniería de Organización. El objeto de este estudio es la aplicación de los métodos Taguchi a la optimización de un determinado proceso farmacéutico de formación de sistemas vesiculares. Dicho método permite seleccionar la mejor combinación de niveles de los factores de control con objeto de optimizar la robustez de una función respuesta dada del sistema. La respuesta del sistema, obtenida con dicha metodología, será la menos sensible ante las variaciones de los factores de ruido. En el presente trabajo se establecen los porcentajes de colesterol y minoxidil como variables de control, ya que sus niveles pueden ser variados por el experimentador. Como factor de ruido se seleccionó el tiempo transcurrido desde la elaboración de los sistemas
Algoritmo paralelo basado en agentes inteligentes aplicado al problema de secuenciación de trabajos en flujo uniforme
(ADINGOR, 2005) León Blanco, José Miguel; González Rodríguez, Pedro Luis; Ruiz Usano, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I
Existen en la actualidad numerosos algoritmos que tratan de hacer frente al problema de secuenciación de trabajos. Algunos de ellos son versiones en paralelo de algoritmos de búsqueda local. Estas versiones en paralelo tratan de alcanzar en un primer momento, menores tiempos de computación para ofrecer soluciones de buena calidad en un tiempo razonable. La segunda mejora, y más importante en la actualidad, es la posibilidad de obtener versiones de los mismos algoritmos que sean más tolerantes a variaciones en las condiciones externas del problema, algoritmos más robustos o menos sensibles. Esto se consigue ajustando, tras gran número de pruebas, los parámetros de la búsqueda. Si cada uno de los procesos que componen el algoritmo paralelo, son capaces de ajustar sus parámetros de búsqueda, se conseguirá optimizar el uso del sistema informático que se emplea.
Comparación multiobjetivo de las reglas de prioridad en un sistema de control de la producción tipo drum-buffer-rope
(ADINGOR, 2005) González Rodríguez, Pedro Luis; León Blanco, José Miguel; Ruiz Usano, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España
TOC apareció en los años 80 y su funcionamiento se basa en la explotación las restricciones del sistema. TOC tiene una implementación a nivel operacional, conocida como el sistema DBR (Drum-Buffer-Rope) de control de la producción, el cual trata de sincronizar la entrada de los trabajos con el cuello de botella del sistema. En un entorno multiproducto el funcionamiento del sistema DBR está fuertemente afectado por las reglas de entrada empleadas en el buffer precedente al cuello de botella. Este tema ha sido tratado con anterioridad por algunos autores, pero no desde el punto de vista de la robustez de las soluciones en un entorno multiproducto. Nosotros lo abordamos aplicando métodos Taguchi. Los resultados muestran que, para los escenarios estudiados, los mejores resultados son obtenidos por las reglas de entrada basadas en la fecha de terminación.
Establecimiento de los parámetros de operación de un sistema de control de la producción Conwip dinámico mediante RSM
(ADINGOR, 2005) González Rodríguez, Pedro Luis; León Blanco, José Miguel; Ruiz Usano, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España
Los sistemas pull de control de la producción se implementan usualmente mediante tarjetas kanban. El número de tarjetas asociado a un sistema pull puede ser determinado bien estáticamente (establecimiento de tarjetas) o dinámicamente (control de tarjetas). Debido a que el control de tarjetas parece tener unas ciertas ventajas sobre el establecimiento, se han propuesto en la literatura diversos mecanismos para controlar dinámicamente el número de tarjetas. En el presente trabajo, estudiamos la determinación de los parámetros para un mecanismo de control específico en un sistema Conwip dinámico. Nos centramos en un mecanismo específico ya que se ha probado que este mejora el funcionamiento de otros sistemas existentes en una variedad de escenarios. Sugerimos como metodología para el establecimiento de los parámetros un método estadístico basado en la técnica RSM (Response Surface Methodology). Para probar su uso, aplicamos la metodología en una línea formada por cuatro estaciones en tándem y realizamos un experimento confirmatorio en una línea formada por cinco estaciones. Los resultados muestran que la metodología propuesta es efectiva para el establecimiento de parámetros en el mecanismo de control de tarjetas bajo consideración.
Interoperabilidad de sistemas guiado por modelos de procesos de negocios: una aplicación en el sector sanitario.
(ADINGOR, 2006) Pérez González, Paz; Framiñán Torres, José Manuel; Parra Calderón, Carlos Luis; González Rodríguez, Pedro Luis; León Blanco, José Miguel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I
En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación del modelado de procesos de negocio en un proyecto de interoperabilidad entre SIs de información en un hospital, teniendo en cuenta la integración del modelado de procesos con el diseño de Sistemas de información, y la capacidad de los modelos para aportar información en el desarrollo de los componentes basados en un estándar de interoperabilidad para la comunicación entre sistemas en entornos de salud.
Revisión de los sistemas de control de la producción basados en tarjetas
(ADINGOR, 2003) González Rodríguez, Pedro Luis; Framiñán Torres, José Manuel; Ruiz Usano, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Ministerio de Ciencia Y Tecnología (MCYT). España
Los sistemas de control de la producción han sido clasificados tradicionalmente en dos grandes grupos: sistemas push y sistemas pull. Sin embargo algunos autores han demostrado que sistemas considerado habitualmente de tipo pull contienen características de tipo push y viceversa [1]. En el presente trabajo nos centramos en los sistemas de control de la producción basados en tarjetas, tradicionalmente considerados de tipo pull. Desde el original Kanban hasta nuestros días han surgido gran cantidad de sistemas controlados por tarjetas. Muchos autores han partido de sistemas existentes modificando algunas características de éstos, e incluso existen varias versiones sobre el funcionamiento de un mismo sistema. El objeto de este trabajo es realizar una revisión y clasificación sobre los distintos mecanismos en los sistemas de control de la producción basados en tarjetas, con el objeto de clarificar el funcionamiento de cada unos de ellos y poder explorar otros sistemas en futuras líneas de investigación.

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