Artículos (Física de la Materia Condensada)
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Artículo Magnetic reversibility accompanied by thermal hysteresis in magnetocaloric materials: A lock-in thermography study(Elsevier, 2025) Revuelta Losada, Jorge; Nawaz Khan, Aun; Moreno Ramírez, Luis Miguel; Law, Jia Yan; Giri, Anit K.; Franco García, Victorino; Física de la Materia Condensada; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Commission (EC); Air Force Office of Scientific Research. United States; Army Research Laboratory. United States; European Union (UE); Junta de AndalucíaLock-in infrared thermography (LIT) was used to obtain the reversible adiabatic temperature change (ΔTrev ad ) from an oscillating magnetic field up to a maximum of 1.5 T. Several paradigmatic magnetocaloric materials exhibiting diverse thermomagnetic phase transitions were studied: (1) Gd, undergoing a second-order transition; (2) LaFe11.38Mn0.28Si1.34-H undergoing a magneto-elastic first-order transition; and (3) Ni48.6Mn35.9In15.5 and (4) Ni36Co14Mn35Ti15 Heusler alloys, both undergoing magneto-structural first-order transition with varying degrees of overlap with the second-order transition of austenite and associated hysteresis. LIT increases ΔTrev ad resolution by two orders of magnitude compared to traditional thermography. This advanced capability facilitates the detection of features in the responses that would otherwise be challenging to identify. Furthermore, the phase Φ with respect to the excitation serves as an indicator of the phase transition dynamics. Importantly, while the ΔTrev ad measurements remain reversible against field oscillations, first-order thermomagnetic phase transitions driven by non-saturating fields show different behaviors for heating and cooling curves, manifesting thermal hysteresis and the irreversibility of the transition under those conditions. This highlights the significance of direct characterization methods of the magnetocaloric response over indirect approaches and its usefulness for the design of materials for efficient refrigeration devices.Artículo Thermal stability and electrical properties of XFe2O4 (X = Co,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn, Ni) high-entropy spinel ferrites prepared by reactive flash sintering(Elsevier, 2025-07-20) Manchón Gordón, Alejandro F.; Molina Molina, Sandra; Almanza-Vergara, Gabriel Eduardo; Perejón Pazo, Antonio; Sánchez Jiménez, Pedro Enrique; Pérez-Maqueda, Luis Allan; Física de la Materia Condensada; Química Inorgánica; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). EspañaThis study investigates the high-temperature stability and phase composition of two high-entropy oxides (HEOs), (Mn0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Fe0.2)Fe2O4 and (Mn0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Mg0.2)Fe2O4, prepared as single-phase samples using the reactive flash sintering technique. Results show that the annealing temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere has a significant impact on the stability of the compounds. The destabilization of the spinel structure occurs in a twostep process: spinel HEO→spinel HEO + Fe2O3 → spinel HEO + Cu based-oxide. This sequence is inferred from in-situ XRD experiments and calorimetric analysis, and confirmed by TEM observations. Impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed a complex, thermally activated electrical response comprising bulk and grain boundary contributions. AC conductivity follows Jonscher’s universal power law, with a temperature dependence of the S parameter consistent with overlapping large polaron tunneling. These findings provide insight into charge transport and relaxation processes in the prepared HEOs, improving their understanding for potential electrical applications.Artículo A fast 1D model of active magnetic regeneration with a compressible working fluid(Elseiver, 2025) Diamantopoulos, Theodoros; Moreno Ramírez, Luis Miguel; Franco García, Victorino; Física de la Materia Condensada; European Union (UE); Research Council. NorwayWe present a 1D model of an active magnetic regenerator (AMR) with a compressible heat transfer fluid that increases calculation speed without compromising accuracy. Compressible heat transfer fluids have previously been shown to be difficult to handle numerically. The presented model alleviates this by assuming that the momentum transfer within the AMR cycle takes place much faster than heat transfer during the blowing stages of the cycle. We show that this leads to an ordinary differential equation for the pressure, that can be solved in conjunction with the thermal energy equations for the solid and fluid parts of the regenerator. Considering a test case of an AMR with helium as the heat transfer fluid we show that the presented model has a maximum deviation in pressure of 5% and an average deviation of 0.4% compared to a reference model that solves fully for the pressure. Finally, we show that the presented model is stable to much higher Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) numbers than the reference model, where the CFL number governs the time step in the model. This leads to an increase in computational speed of two orders of magnitude of the presented model, reducing the computation time from ∼ 105 s to ∼ 103 s for moderate mass flow rates.Artículo Relación entre el sistema acomodativo visual y la postura del sujeto. Estudio piloto de asociación cruzada(Sociedad Andaluza de Fisioterapia SOFIA, 2019-11-18) Sánchez González, María del Carmen; Pérez Cabezas, Verónica; Serrano Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Yébenes López, M.S.; Gutiérrez Sánchez, Estanislao; Sánchez Martín, Andrea; Ruiz Molinero, Carmen; Sánchez González, José María; Cirugía; Física de la Materia Condensada; CTS1040: Ciencias de la VisiónObjetivo: determinar la relación entre las alteraciones acomodativas del sistema visual y los valores baropo- dométricos obtenidos a través de una plataforma de presiones. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descrip- tivo y transversal de asociación cruzada entre variables optométricas y baropodométricas medidas a través de metodología de alta repetibilidad. Las variables optométricas fueron amplitud de acomodación, acomodación re- lativa, respuesta acomodativa y flexibilidad de acomodación. Las variables baropodométricas fueron superficie, carga y presión del pie, ángulo podálico y ángulo de Fick. Se incluyeron 34 sujetos (20 mujeres y 14 varones) con edad media de 26 ± 6 (18-39) años y se clasificaron en dos grupos en función del estado acomodativo: exceso acomodativa (EA) e insuficiencia acomodativa (IA). Resultados: nuestros resultados mostraron que en ambos grupos se observa mayor porcentaje de carga y presiones máximas y medias en el pie izquierdo que en el dere- cho y mayor superficie en ambos pies en el antepié respecto del retropié, pero tales diferencias fueron mayores en el grupo de EA. Por otro lado, los EA mostraron mayor porcentaje de carga en el antepié que en el retropié, sucediendo justamente lo contrario en los sujetos con IA. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran indicios de una posible relación entre las anomalías visuales del sistema acomodativo y algunos parametros baropodométricos. En ambos grupos (EA e IA) podría existir una alteración postural, siendo mayor en los EA. Son necesarias más investigaciones que identifique el sentido de esta relación.
Artículo Interfacial Chemistry Limits the Stability of Deep Blue Perovskite LEDs Revealed by Operando Characterization(American Chemical Society, 2025) Mirabelli, A. J.; Kammlander, B.; Lu, Y.; Varma, R. M.; Gu, Q. C.; Radetzky, K.; Selby, T. A.; Liu, T. J.; Riva, S.; Wei, Z. M.; Anaya Martín, Miguel; Stranks, S. D.; Física de la Materia Condensada; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Energy Agency; European Research Council (ERC); European Union (UE). H2020; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK); Royal Society (UK); Tata Group; Diamond Light Source. UKTo commercialize lead halide perovskites as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the operational device lifetime needs to be drastically improved. For this to be achieved, an understanding of degradation behavior under bias is crucial. Herein, we perform operando measurements of the structural, chemical, and electronic changes using synchrotron-based grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on full-stack deep blue mixed bromide/chloride lead halide perovskite LEDs. While a clear drop in optoelectronic performance is recorded under electrical bias, the accompanying X-ray scattering data reveals only minor changes in structural properties. However, photoelectron spectroscopy reveals substantial chemical changes at the electron-injecting interface after bias is applied, including the formation of unwanted metallic lead and a new chlorine species that is not in the perovskite structure. These operando approaches give important structural and interfacial perspectives to reveal the degradation mechanisms in these LEDs and highlight the need to address the top electron-injecting interface to realize step-changes in operational stability.Artículo Impact of Type 1 Diabetes on Binocular Vision: Evidence from a Comparative Analysis(Wiley, 2025) Silva Viguera, María Carmen; Sánchez González, María del Carmen; Ponce García, Víctor; Hita Cantalejo, María Concepción de; Sánchez González, José María; Bautista Llamas, María José; Física de la Materia CondensadaBinocular vision function was assessed in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) without retinopathy and compared to a control group to identify potential nonstrabismic binocular vision disorders. This cross-sectional study included 80 participants (40 T1D, 40 controls) without systemic or ocular diseases, visual impairments, medications, or prior ocular surgery. Highly repeatable tests evaluated heterophoria, the accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, near point of convergence (NPC), fusional vergences, vergence facility, and stereoacuity. Diagnosed dysfunctions included convergence insufficiency, divergence insufficiency, basic exophoria, basic esophoria, fusional vergence dysfunction, convergence excess, and divergence excess. Individuals with T1D showed significantly farther NPC (break: 5.50 vs. 3.80 cm, p = 0.005; recovery: 8.32 vs. 5.69 cm, p < 0.001), lower near positive fusional vergence (break: 20.70 Δ vs. 24.25 Δ; recovery: 11.50 Δ vs. 14.75 Δ, p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively), reduced vergence facility (5.10 vs. 7.15 cpm, p = 0.003), and a lower AC/A ratio (3.30 vs. 4.00, p = 0.01). More participants with T1D had binocular vision parameters outside the normal range, with a higher prevalence of binocular vision disorders (p = 0.048). These findings highlight the impact of T1D on binocular vision and emphasize the need for optometric evaluations for early detection and management.Artículo Validation and Evaluation of Visual Acuity and Contrastsensitivity with a New Digital Device: OPTOTAB®+(Wiley, 2025) Ponce García, Víctor; Silva Viguera, María del Carmen; García Romera, Marta de la Concepción; Guerra Sancho, Y.; Heredia Rios, N.; Bautista Llamas, María José; Física de la Materia CondensadaPurpose: To validate a new digital device: Optotab®+ (SmarThings4Vision) formeasuring visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS). Methods: A validation study was conducted involving 20 healthy subjects (aged:18–29 years). Distance and near VA and CS were assessed using the Optotab®+ andcompared with the ETDRS test and Sloan letters for distance VA, the ETDRS testand LEA numbers® near vision card for near VA and the Regan and CSV-1000 testsfor CS. Results: No significant differences were noted between the right eye (RE) andleft eye (L for distance (p > 0.99) and near VA (p = 0.32) or test–retest measure-ments (p > 0.05) using the Optotab®+. Distance VA differed significantly from theETDRS (mean differences: −0.07 and −0.07 logMAR for the RE and LE, respectively,p = 0.01). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) indicated moderate reliability (RE:0.64, LE: 0.48), while the ANOVA showed no significant differences (p = 0.75 for REand p = 0.58 for LE). For CS, no significant differences were found between the REand LE, except at 12 cpd (p = 0.04). ICC was highest at 18 cpd (0.90). A significanttest–retest difference was observed at 6 cpd for the RE (0.10 log units, p = 0.01).Comparisons showed significant differences at 6 cpd between Optotab®+ and theCSV-1000, and at 3, 12 and 18 cpd between Optotab®+ and the Regan test. ICC in-dicated low to high reliability across spatial frequencies, while the ANOVA did notshow significant differences or low variability. No significant inter-examiner dif-ferences were identified in VA and CS (p > 0.05), confirming strong reproducibility. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the Optotab®+ has moderate reliabilityfor VA assessment and higher precision at higher spatial frequencies for CS, sug-gesting its clinical utility. Outcomes regarding reliability, repeatability and repro-ducibility support its validity as an effective tool for measuring visual parametersin clinical practice.Artículo Quantitative Determination of the Order Phase Transitions of Multicaloric Materials: The Validity of n-overshoot(Elsevier, 2025) Reis Junior, Mario de Souza; Jia Yan, Law; Franco García, Victorino; Física de la Materia Condensada; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Air Force Office of Scientific Research. United States; European Union (UE); Junta de AndalucíaCaloric materials have a significant response (adiabatic temperature change or isothermal entropy change) in the vicinity of a phase transition, with the magnitude and characteristics of this response being strongly dependent on the nature of the transition. It is therefore important to be able to quantitatively ascertain the order of the transition (first or second order) to predict if the phase transformation implies a significant hysteresis, which is detrimental from the application point of view. In the case of magnetocalorics, the overshoot above two of the exponent , describing the field dependence of the isothermal entropy change, has been demonstrated to be a suitable fingerprint of first order phase transitions. In this work, we demonstrate that the criterion holds for multicaloric materials in which the magnetocaloric transformation is altered by pressure.Artículo Multicomponent Heavy Metals Adsorption on Functionalized Swelling Micas: Mechanistic Insights and Structural Evolution(Elsevier, 2025) Osuna, Francisco J.; Chaparro, Javier R.; Pavón González, Esperanza; Alba, María D.; Física de la Materia Condensada; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología y Innovación - MINCIENCIAS, Colombia,Heavy metal contamination is a critical environmental issue, often involving complex multicomponent systems. Swelling brittle micas, a family of designer sorbents, have demonstrated exceptional heavy metal removal capabilities, yet their behabior in competitive adsorption systems remains largely unexplored. This study systematically investigates the simultaneous uptake of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Hg²⁺ on both as-synthesized brittle mica and its thiol-functionalized counterpart. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we reveal critical structural transformations occurring at both short- and long-range scales during adsorption. Our f indings demonstrate that competitive adsorption governs metal uptake, leading to a reduction in total adsorption capacity compared to single-metal systems. However, selectivity toward specific metal cations remains unchanged, irrespective of competing species or surface functionalization. Overall, this study not only improves our understanding of heavy metal adsorption but also paves the way for more effective and sustainable sorbent design in environmental remediation.Artículo Graphene/Zirconia Composites for Components in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Microstructure and Electrical Conductivity(MDPI, 2025-08-26) Coto-Ruiz, Francisco Javier; De la Cruz-Blanco, Ana; Moriche Tirado, Rocío; Morales Rodríguez, Ana; Poyato Galán, Rosalía; Física de la Materia Condensada; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Union (UE)In this paper, 8 mol% yttria cubic stabilized zirconia (8YCSZ) composites with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) contents up to 10 vol% were consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at two different temperatures with the aim of evaluating the relationship of their electrical properties with the graphene content, the rGO crystallinity, and the microstructural features. Successful in situ reduction of GO was accomplished during SPS, and highly densified composites with homogeneous rGO distribution, even at the highest contents, were obtained. The electrical properties were analyzed using impedance spectroscopy. Measurements were taken up to 700 °C, revealing an inductive response for the composites with 5 and 10 vol% rGO and a capacitive response for the composites with 1 and 2.5 vol% rGO. The results indicate that, along with the ionic conduction typical of zirconia, there are additional polarization mechanisms associated with the presence of graphene at ceramic grain boundaries that substantially modify the impedance response. A minor electronic conductivity contribution was identified in the composites below the percolation threshold. These characteristics make the 8YCSZ composites promising candidates for application as SOFC components, as ceramic interconnects when the graphene content is above the percolation threshold, or as electrolytes when the graphene content is below this limit.Artículo Immediate Impact of Artificial Tear Composition on Optical Aberrations: A Comparative Study of Lipid and Non‑Lipid Hydroxypropyl Guar Formulations(Springer Nature Link, 2025-07-17) Sánchez González, José María; Sánchez González, María del Carmen; Hita Cantalejo, María Concepción de; Nascimento, Henrique; Martínez Pérez, Clara; Física de la Materia Condensada; CTS1040: Ciencias de la VisiónIntroduction: To evaluate the immediate effects of two artificial tear formulations—mineral oil + hydroxypropyl guar (HP-Guar) and hyaluronic acid (HA) + HP-Guar—on ocular aberrations in healthy participants. Methods: A randomized, participant-masked clinical trial was conducted on 98 right eyes of 98 participants (mean age: 27.96 ± 10.00 years). Participants received a single instillation of either a lipid-based (mineral oil + HP-Guar) or non-lipid (HA + HP-Guar) artificial tear solution. Ocular aberrations were measured before and 10 min post-instillation using a wavefront aberrometer (i.Profilerplus®, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) at pupil diameters of 3 mm and 5 mm. Root mean square (RMS) values for total, low-order, and high-order aberrations were analyzed. Results: The mineral oil + HP-Guar formulation significantly reduced total RMS (p < 0.05) and low-order RMS (p < 0.05) at both 3-mm and 5-mm pupil diameters. Notable reductions were observed in defocus (Z2 0), vertical astigmatism (Z2 2), and trefoil (Z3 −3). Both formulations significantly increased high-order RMS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lipid-based artificial tears provide superior optical quality by reducing total and low-order ocular aberrations, making them preferable for patients with tear film instability. In contrast, HA-based formulations primarily improve hydration with limited impact on optical performance. Artificial tear selection should consider both symptomatic relief and refractive stability, especially for individuals with high visual demands.Artículo Descriptors for Predicting Single- and Multi-Phase Formation in High-Entropy Oxides: A Unified Framework Approach(MDPI, 2025-08-18) Manchón-Gordón, Alejandro F.; Panadero Medianero, Paula; Blázquez Gámez, Javier Sebastián; Física de la Materia Condensada; Junta de Andalucía; FQM121: Sólidos no CristalinosHigh-entropy oxides, HEOs, represent a relatively new class of ceramic materials characterized by the incorporation of multiple cations, typically four or more, into a single-phase crystal structure. This extensive compositional flexibility allows for the introduction of specific chemical elements into a crystal lattice that would normally be unable to accommodate them, making it difficult to predict a priori their properties and crystal structures. Consequently, studying the phase stability of these single-phase materials presents significant challenges. This work examines the key parameters commonly employed to predict the stabilization of HEOs and introduces a unified framework for analyzing their stability. The proposed approach incorporates a normalized configurational entropy per mole of atoms and the relative volume occupied by cations into the mean atomic size deviation. By combining these parameters, the approach enables, as a first approximation, the identification of compositional ranges that favor the formation of single-phase and multi-phase HEO compounds with rock salt, spinel, fluorite, pyrochlore, and perovskite structures.Artículo Resonant defect states of the SnO2:Ta transparent conductive oxide revealed by excitation wavelength-dependent Raman spectroscopy and hybrid functional DFT calculations(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025-04-01) Krause, Matthias; Romero-Muñiz, Carlos; Selyshchev, Oleksandr; Zahn, Dietrich R. T.; Escobar-Galindo, Ramón; Física de la Materia Condensada; Física Aplicada IExcitation wavelength-dependent Raman spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations with hybrid functionals were used to analyse the electronic structure of defects in SnO2:Ta (1.25 at% Ta) transparent conductive oxide thin films. Based on the Raman excitation profiles of the characteristic D1 and D2 defect modes of two tin vacancy VSn-type defects and one oxygen interstitial Oi-type defect, we derived the corresponding defect-induced electronic transitions of the involved defect states. DFT calculations revealed additional density-of-states for the three point defects at the top of the valence band (VB) in comparison to defect-free SnO2 and SnO2:Ta. The largest distortion of the VB electronic structure was caused by the VSn-type defect with the farthest possible distance from the Ta dopant in the studied 96-atom supercell, and the smallest distortion was caused by the Oi-type defect. Accordingly, the amount of VB splitting showed a reverse order to the electronic transition energies. From the projected defect-density-of-states, we found a delocalized nature of the VSn-type defects and a localized nature of the Oi-type defect, accounting for the different degrees of distortion of the SnO2:Ta electronic structure. Based on these complementary experimental and theoretical results, the electronic structure of point defects in the SnO2:Ta transparent conductive oxide was elucidated in detail. Thus, the proposed approach has great potential to resolve the ongoing controversy about point defects in SnO2.Artículo Influence of outdoor time on the spherical equivalent and axial length in childhood myopia: A meta-analysis(Wiley, 2025-03-11) Martínez Pérez, Clara; Sánchez Tena, Miguel Ángel; Sánchez González, José María; Villa Collar, Cesar; Álvarez Peregrina, Cristina; Física de la Materia CondensadaThis meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of outdoor activities in reducing the onset of myopia in children and adolescents by analysing changes in axial elongation and spherical equivalent refractive error. Following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024592971), the study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. The eligibility criteria targeted children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years with varying levels of outdoor exposure. Primary outcomes were axial elongation and spherical equivalent change. Studies were assessed for quality using GRADE and AMSTAR-2 tools, and data were analysed using Review Manager 5.4, with random-effects models applied when heterogeneity was significant. Fifteen studies (9 RCTs and 6 observational) were included, with a total of 16 597 participants. Outdoor activities significantly reduced or delayed the onset of myopia, with a mean axial length difference of −0.08 mm per year (95% CI: −0.09 to −0.07) and a spherical equivalent difference of 0.16 diopters per year (95% CI: 0.07 to 0.25). These differences were observed after 1 year of intervention and sustained for up to 3 years, with daily outdoor exposure ranging from 40 to 120 min. Heterogeneity was moderate to high, but sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. While higher outdoor exposure appeared more effective in reducing myopia progression, the certainty of this evidence was rated as low due to suspected publication bias, as indicated by the GRADE analysis. Outdoor activities, especially with prolonged exposure to intense light, effectively reduce or delay the onset of myopia in children and adolescents. This study emphasizes the importance of light intensity in maximizing the benefits of outdoor interventions and highlights regional differences in effectiveness, suggesting that environmental factors play a significant role in the outcomes.Artículo Large low-field-driven electrocaloric effect in organic-inorganic hybrid TMCM-CdCl3(Nature Research, 2025-04-29) Lin, Yuan; Chai, Congcong; Liu, Zhijie; Wang, Jing; Jin, Shifeng; Yang, Yurong; Law, Jia Yan; Franco García, Victorino; Shen, Baogen; Física de la Materia Condensada; National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; European Union (UE); Agencia Estatal de Investigación. EspañaDue to environmental-friendliness and high-efficiency, electrocaloric effect (ECE) is widely regarded as a refrigeration technology for tomorrow. Herein, utilizing organic-inorganic hybridization strategy, we achieve the largest lowfield-driven ECE and highest directly-measured electrocaloric strength (ECS) via packing sphere-like organic cation (CH3)3NCH2Cl+ (TMCM+ ) into inorganic one-dimension (1-D) CdCl3 chain framework. Single-crystal X-ray (SC-XRD) diffraction combined with Raman Spectra reveals that the simultaneous orderdisorder transition of organic cations and dramatic structure change of inorganic framework are responsible for the large ECE. Moreover, the measured P-E loops and density function theory (DFT) calculations convey that the distinctive electric-field-induced metastable phase and consequential two-step meta-electric transition could lower the transition energy barrier and account for the low driving field. This work shows that the low-symmetry interaction between inorganic framework and organic cations plays a key role in achieving large ECE under low-field, which provides a method for designing highperformance electrocaloric materials via organic-inorganic hybridization.Artículo Incorporating thermal co-evaporation in current-matched all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025-01-21) Yang, Terry Chien-Jen; Kang, Taeheon; Fitzsimmons, Melissa; Vega Morrone, Guadalupe; Lu, Yang; Rosado, Leo; Anaya Martín, Miguel; Stranks, Samuel D.; Física de la Materia Condensada; European Union (UE); University of Cambridge; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). U. K.; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. EspañaThermal co-evaporation of halide perovskites is a solution-free, conformal, scalable, and controllable deposition technique with great potential for commercial applications, particularly in multi-junction solar cells. Monolithic triple-junction perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention because they can achieve very high efficiencies. Nevertheless, challenges arise in fabricating these devices, as they require multiple layers and precise current matching across complex absorber stacks. Here we demonstrate a current-matched monolithic all-perovskite p–i–n triple-junction solar cell enabled by controlled thermal co-evaporation of various absorber layers in the stack. The top and middle subcells were fabricated by developing optimized thermally co-evaporated Cs0.3FA0.7Pb(I0.56Br0.44)3 (1.80 eV bandgap) and FAPbI3 (1.53 eV) perovskites, respectively, while the bottom subcell employed a solutionprocessed Cs0.25FA0.75Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 (1.25 eV) perovskite. By optimising absorber thicknesses and compositions through optical modelling, we achieve excellent current matching between the top (9.6 mA cm−2 ), middle (9.3 mA cm−2 ), and bottom subcells (9.0 mA cm−2 ), achieving an overall efficiency of 15.8%. Optical modelling simulations suggest that current matching and efficiency up to 11.4 mA cm−2 and 37.6% respectively could be attainable using the latest interlayer materials. This work highlights the potential of scalable vapour-based deposition techniques for advancing multi-junction perovskite-based solar cells, paving the way for future developments in this fieldArtículo Influence of Dietary Habits on Macular Pigment in Childhood(MDPI, 2025-04-14) Ponce García, Víctor; Bautista Llamas, María José; García Romera, Marta de la Concepción; Física de la Materia CondensadaBackground/Objectives: To analyze the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) values in a child population and to evaluate the relation between MPOD and adherence to the Mediterranean diet using a validated questionnaire specially created for children. Eighty-eight children were included in this cross-sectional study from two primary education schools of Seville (Spain). Methods: MPOD values were measured using Macular Pigment Screener II ®. Lutein and Zeaxanthin intake was evaluated by KIDMED questionnaire, which classifies children according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A whole ocular exam with slit-lamp biomicroscopy was conducted by a specialized optometrist. Results: The mean age ranged between 6 and 8 years. The mean MPOD value was 0.46 ± 0.18. The mean score of the KIDMED questionnaire was 7.19 ± 1.85. No statistically significant differences were found as a function of gender or among Mediterranean diet adherence groups. No significant differences in MPOD values between answers were found in any KIDMED questions. No correlations were found for MPOD with several variables, such as Mediterranean diet adherence and KIDMED score. Conclusions: MPOD levels in children could not be correlated with Mediterranean Diet adherence and, thus, good dietary habits. Genetic characteristics, mother’s diet habits, oxidative stress, and body fat composition in children could be the main factors influencing MPOD levels.Artículo Efficacy and Safety of Quantum Molecular Resonance Electrotherapy in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis(Springer, 2025-04-01) Ballesteros Sánchez, Antonio; Rocha de Lossada, Carlos; Sánchez González, José María; Tedesco, Giovanni Roberto; Borroni, Davide; Física de la Materia Condensada; CirugíaIntroduction: This study aimed to investigate the effcacy and safety of quantum molecular resonance (QMR) electrotherapy in patients with dry eye disease (DED). Methods: A systematic review with metaanalysis, reporting the effects of QMR electro therapy in three databases, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, was performed according to the PRISMA statement with a search period ending on December 24, 2024. Results: Seven studies, including four open-label, non-comparative trials and three randomized controlled studies (RCTs), were included. Although all studies reported signif cant improvements in most outcome measures after QMR electrotherapy, the meta-analysis indicated that overall effcacy did not signif cantly favor either group when comparing QMR electrotherapy to controls (SMD 0.40; 95% CI − 0.06 to 0.86; P = 0.09; I 2 = 85%). However, only the change in DED symptoms was signif cantly favorable for QMR electrotherapy com pared to controls (SMD 0.69; 95% CI 0.30–1.08; P = 0.0005; I 2 = 28%). In sensitivity analyses, overall effcacy remained non-signifcant when comparing QMR electrotherapy to placebo QMR electrotherapy (SMD 0.14; 95% CI − 0.24 to 0.52; P=0.46; I 2 =65%). Additionally, changes in DED symptoms, TBUT, ST, and CFS also showed no statistically signifcant differences between both groups. Regarding safety, most studies reported no AEs, with a satisfactory tolerability profle for QMR electrotherapy. However, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Conclusions: With the current scientifc litera ture available to date, QMR electrotherapy seems to show some evidence of alleviating DED symp toms. However, evidence supporting its effcacy in improving DED signs and safety remains lim ited. Therefore, further RCTs with robust designs are needed to confrm these fndings.Artículo Microstructural control by freeze-casting of CaO architectures for improved and stable thermochemical energy storage performance(Elsevier, 2025-07-30) Amghar, Nabil; Ivorra-Martinez, Juan; Perejón Pazo, Antonio; Hanaor, Dorian; Gurlo, Aleksander; Ramírez Rico, Joaquín; Pérez Maqueda, Luis Allan; Sánchez Jiménez, Pedro Enrique; Química Inorgánica; Física de la Materia Condensada; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). EspañaThis study investigates the development of porous calcium-based monoliths via freeze-casting (FC) as a novel approach for thermochemical energy storage, particularly within the Calcium Looping (CaL) process. The freeze-casting technique enabled the fabrication of scaffolds with controlled porosity using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder. Experimental results demonstrated that freeze-cast monoliths exhibited superior multicycle performance under various carbonation and calcination conditions. The FC-CaCO3 monolith achieved the highest residual conversion of 68.1 % under mild vacuum calcination conditions (780 °C, 0.1 bar CO2), significantly surpassing other configurations. Tests conducted in an inert atmosphere also yielded favorable results, with a conversion of 56.1 %, outperforming equivalent raw powder samples. The enhanced performance is attributed to improved CO2 interaction with the porous structure, mitigating sintering effects and preserving active surface area. Morphological observations by X-ray tomography and SEM confirmed limited particle sintering after multiple cycles, maintaining a reactive surface that supported consistent conversion rates. The pore size distribution of the material evolves upon cycling resulting in an increased microporosity, while the pore network maintains a low tortuosity (τ ~ 1.5–2.0). The addition of dopants such as ZrO2 and SiO2 did not enhance performance, as the monoliths' inherent structure provided sufficient stability. These findings highlight freeze-casting as a promising method for creating advanced porous materials suitable for energy storage applications.Artículo Graphene exfoliation in cyrene for the sustainable production of microsupercapacitors(Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd., 2025-04-22) Moreira, Pedro; Carvalho, Davide; Abreu, Rodrigo; Alba Carranza, María Dolores; Ramírez Rico, Joaquín; Fortunato, Elvira; Martins, Raúl A.; Pinto, Joana V.; Carlos, Emanuel; Coelho, João; Física de la Materia Condensada; Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT); Junta de Andalucía; European UnionGraphene and its composites have attracted much attention for applications in energy storage systems. However, the toxic solvents required for the exfoliation process have hampered the exploitation of its properties. In this work, graphene dispersions are obtained via liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite in cyrene, an environmentally friendly solvent with solubility parameters like those of N-methyl-2-pirrolidone. The obtained dispersions with a concentration of 0.2 mg ml−1 comprised multilayered graphene sheets with lateral sizes in the hundreds of nanometers, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Mixing the obtained dispersions with ethanol made it possible to collect the graphene, which was redispersed in 2-Propanol. This active material was used to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes using a scalable spray deposition method on carbon nanotube (CNT) current collectors with the aid of vinyl masks. The device, tested with a PVA/LiCl gel electrolyte, achieved a specific capacitance of 3.4 mF cm−2 (0.015 mA cm−2). In addition, the devices show excellent cycling stability (>10 000 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2) and good mechanical properties, losing less than 10% of initial capacitance after 1000 bending cycles. This work demonstrates the adaptability of liquid-phase exfoliation to produce graphene sustainably, providing the proof-of-concept for further 2D materials processing and green microsupercapacitor (MSC) fabrication.