Clonal reproduction of Azolla filiculoides Lam.: implications for invasiveness

Abstract

Clonal reproduction of Azolla filiculoides Lam., an aquatic floating fern, native from the American subtropics and a recent invader of Mediterranean wetlands, was assessed experimentally. Shoot fragmentation of the species was quantified under suitable room conditions for optimum growth. Azolla fililculoides showed high longevity, a low mortality percentage and a high potential for clonal reproduction (biomass obtained by shoot fragmentation from only one individual was multiplied by 100). This last attribute changed over time: first generations developed a high number of propagules, a number which decreased progressively in later generations until the end of the experiment. The results of this experiment will be useful for understanding Azolla’s success within invaded habitats.