2025-05-022025-05-022025Garcia Lozano, C., Pueyo Ros, J., Canelles, Q., Latombe, G., Adriaens, T., Bacher, S.,...,Roura Pascual, N. (2025). Management Measures and Trends of Biological Invasionsin Europe: A Survey-Based Assessment of Local Managers. Global Change Biology, 31 (1), e70028. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70028.1354-10131365-2486https://hdl.handle.net/11441/172413Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and nature's contributions to people worldwide.However, the effectiveness of invasive alien species (IAS) management measures and the progress toward achieving biodiversitytargets remain uncertain due to limited and nonuniform data availability. Management success is usually assessed at a local leveland documented in technical reports, often written in languages other than English, which makes such data notoriously difficultto collect at large geographic scales. Here we present the first European assessment of how managers perceive trends in IAS andthe effectiveness of management measures to mitigate biological invasions. We developed a structured questionnaire translatedinto 18 languages and disseminated it to local and regional managers of IAS in Europe. We received responses from 1928 par-ticipants from 41 European countries, including 24 European Union (EU) Member States. Our results reveal substantial effortsin IAS monitoring and control, with invasive plants being the primary focus. Yet, there is a general perception of an increasein the numbers, occupied areas, and impacts of IAS across environment and taxonomic groups, particularly plants, over time.This perceived increase is consistent across both EU and non-EU countries, with respondents from EU countries demonstratingmore certainty in their responses. Our results also indicate a lack of data on alien vertebrates and invertebrates, reflecting a needfor more targeted monitoring and knowledge sharing between managers and policymakers and between countries. Overall,our study suggests that Europe's current strategies are insufficient to substantially reduce IAS by 2030 and hence to meet theKunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework target.application/pdf16 p.engAttribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/Environmental perceptionExotic speciesExpert surveyInvasive alien speciesManagement practicesNon-native speciesPolicyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess10.1111/gcb.70028