Gomes Oliveira, LucilaneFrança, Denise B.Oliveira, Luís H. deOsajima, Josy A.Silva-Filho, Edson C.Sainz-Díaz, IgnacioMedina-Carrasco, SantiagoOrta Cuevas, María del MarFonseca, Maria G.2025-04-232025-04-232025-04-19Gomes Oliveira, L., França, D.B., Oliveira, L.H.d., Osajima, J.A., Silva-Filho, E.C., Sainz-Díaz, I.,...,Fonseca, M.G. (2025). Functionalization of a clay mineral with Sn species for anti-inflammatory removal. Applied Surface Science, 163313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163313.1873-5584https://hdl.handle.net/11441/172016Diclofenac is one of the most detected drugs in aquatic environments, however, it can be removed through adsorption. In the present study, sodium bentonite (Na-Bent) was functionalized with an Sn species by reaction between the clay and aqueous SnCl2 solutions (0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 mol L-1), and used as new adsorbents for diclofenac. X-ray diffraction patterns with Rietveld refinement analysis indicated the presence of hydrated SnO2 or Sn(OH)4 nanoparticles in the samples. SnO2 content in the samples were 12.8, 32.4, and 45.0 % for Sn0.01-, Sn0.05- and Sn0.10-Bent, respectively. The specific surface area of the samples increased, reaching 194 m2 g−1 for Sn0.1-Bent. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested the presence of Sn (IV) species in Sn-Bent. The adsorption isotherms indicated high drug adsorption, reaching 106.1 and 105.5 mg g−1 for Sn0.05- and Sn0.10-Bent samples, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and XPS analyses showed an interaction between the carboxylate group of diclofenac sodium and the Sn species in the Sn-Bent samples. Artemia salina tests indicated that Sn0.10-Bent was not toxic, and all samples showed good stability during diclofenac adsorption at pH 6. Therefore, Sn-Bent samples behaved as environmentally friendly adsorbents for the removal of diclofenac.application/pdf63 p.engAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/FunctionalizationPhyllosilicateEmerging pollutantsDiclofenacSn speciesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163313