2025-04-222025-04-222025-05-15Juliá Lerma, J.M. y Rodríguez de Tembleque Solano, L. (2025). Wear and subsurface stress evolution in tractive rolling contact. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 294, 110195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110195.0020-74031879-2162https://hdl.handle.net/11441/171893Wear phenomenon is inherent to tractive rolling contact problems e.g., in rolling bearings or in rail–wheel interaction. It takes place in the sliding regions of the rolling contact area, and it accumulates as particles from the rolling bodies cross the contact region. Wear modifies the solids’ surface, the contact tractions, the subsurface stresses, and the tangential forces transmitted between the rolling solids, which are fundamental contact variables in sectors such as rolling fatigue or vehicle system dynamics. Thus, ignoring wear in tractive rolling contact analysis could lead to underestimations of bearing fatigue lives or inaccurate lateral guiding forces in multibody vehicle models. This work presents a robust SAM-based formulation on rolling contact to study how wear, contact tractions, resultant rolling contact-forces, and surface and subsurface stresses evolve with the number of revolutions. For the first time, subsurface stress distributions are computed as a function of revolutions under orthotropic friction and wear conditions, highlighting the influence of tribological axes orientation and wear evolution on stress and force reactions. After validating the proposed formulation, several numerical examples are presented to show how considering orthotropic friction and wear laws impacts stress distributions and resultant rolling contact forces. These findings could provide important insights into the role of wear in tractive rolling contact for applications in engineering and industrial design.application/pdf21 p.engAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Contact mechanicsTribologyWearRolling contactSubsurface stressOrthotropic frictioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110195