Córdoba Fernández, AntonioMir-Gil, JoaquínDíaz-Baena, CarolinaBallesteros-Mora, MarinaCórdoba-Jiménez, Victoria EugeniaCastro Méndez, Aurora2025-09-042025-09-042025-08-01Córdoba Fernández, A., Mir-Gil, J., Díaz-Baena, C., Ballesteros-Mora, M., Córdoba-Jiménez, V.E. y Castro Méndez, A. (2025). Clinical and Demographics Aspects of Foot Angioleiomyomas: Case Reports and Systematic Review. Surgeries, 6 (3), 66.https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6030066.2673-4095https://hdl.handle.net/11441/176688Background and Clinical Significance: Angioleiomyoma (ALM) is a benign tumor that generally presents as a single lesion and, according to the updated WHO classification, includes the following three histological subtypes: solid (or capillary), cavernous, and venous. Typically, ALMs are described as well-defined nodules in the lower extremities but are unusually located in the acral locations and toes. We summarize two cases of ALM and perform a systematic review to provide foot surgeons with the most up-to-date and useful information on the epidemiological aspects, anatomical distribution, and specific histological subtypes of ALM in the foot. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out according to the criteria of a PICO framework, and a systematic search and data processing were carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. We analyzed patient demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostic workup, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Each one of the included articles was independently assessed for methodological quality and risk of bias by an independent evaluator. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed based on their characteristics. Results: This systematic review included 14 case series with 172 reported cases of ALM. One hundred and seventy-two (18.57%) were cases of ALM located on foot, excluding the ankle region. The female-to-male ratio was 1.48. The most common location was the hindfoot (41.5%), followed by the forefoot (20.2%) and the midfoot (8.9%). In 29.4% of cases, the location of the lesions could not be determined. The most frequent location of the lesions was subcutaneous (69%), followed by subaponeurotic (16.5%) and skin (14.5%) locations. The most frequent histological presentation was the solid histologic subtype (65%), followed by the venous subtype (21%) and the cavernous subtype (14%), respectively. Of the total reported cases of ALM located in foot, 63.1% presented as solid painful lesions. Calcified presentations occurred in 7% of cases, with more than half of the cases located in the hindfoot. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice in the two herein reported cases of solid ALM located in the hindfoot, one of them with a calcified presentation. No recurrence was observed in either case after two and five years of follow-up, respectively. All cases reviewed after surgical excision showed a low recurrence rate with a favorable prognosis regardless of the histological subtype and a very rare tendency toward malignancy. Conclusions: ALMs of the foot present as well-defined, painful nodules in the subcutaneous tissue of middle-aged women. Solid histological subtypes are the most prevalent. Histopathological analysis is usually essential for confirmation. Treatment consists primarily of direct excision, with remarkably low recurrence rates.application/pdf13 p.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/AngioleiomyomaFootTumorSoft tissue neoplasmsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6030066