Rodríguez Pastor, Diego AntonioSoltero Sánchez, Víctor ManuelChacartegui, Ricardo2025-06-182025-06-182025-12-01Rodríguez Pastor, D.A., Soltero Sánchez, V.M. y Chacartegui, R. (2025). Green methanol production from photovoltaics in Europe. Renewable Energy, 254, 123751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.123751.0960-1481https://hdl.handle.net/11441/174527© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc/4.0/ ).The European Union’s objective for non-biological fuels is 10 Mt by 2030. The massive implementation of green hydrogen facilities predicts cost overruns for adapting the existing industry towards H 2-ready, making the development of alternative e-fuels imperative. Based on European GIS data, this work analyses the potential implementation of green methanol from CO 2 maximum volumetric blends of 5–20 % H 2 capture in existing industries. The study is based on hydrogen fraction limits on existing natural gas grids, with . The analysis of boundary conditions based on water resources and proximity to the networks yields 3016 potential municipalities for implementing green methanol valleys. The analysis projects a potential of ~30 Mton H capture capacity above 7 Mton CO 2 2 /year in PV to produce 5 Mton of methanol, with a carbon /year. The economic analysis of different scenarios shows that in 2030, the levelized cost of methanol could reach values around ~450 € /ton MeOH, with IRR>15 %, showing the viability of the approach.application/pdf9 p.engAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.123751