2025-03-102025-03-102009Colodro Ruiz, F., Torralba Silgado, A.J., Mora Jiménez, J.L. y Martínez Heredia, J.M. (2009). Analog Squaring Circuit based on Time Encoding. En XXIV Conference on Design of Circuits and Integrated Systems, Zaragoza, España.https://hdl.handle.net/11441/169860Accurate analog squarers are required for different signal processing functions, like amplitude modulation, frequency shifting, signal power estimation, and neural and image processing. Transistor-level analog squarers suffer from limited accuracy, especially in modern deep submicron technology where the squared law of the MOS transistor in the saturation region is no longer valid. Based on the Asynchronous Sigma-Delta Modulator (ASDM), a new circuit which provides the squared value of the input signal is proposed. In this paper, the proposed analog squarer is studied, and the analytical results are validated by simulation in the time domain. The effect of analog imperfections on the accuracy of the squarer is also analyzed showing that a high Signal to Noise plus Distortion Ratio can be obtained for typical values of the mismatch and up to frequencies near half the maximum frequency of the ASDM limit cycle.application/pdf6 p.engAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/AsynchronousSigma-Delta ModulationAnalog Squarer CircuitVoltage-Frequency ConversionTime Encodinginfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess