Ponencias (Ingeniería Química y Ambiental)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11384

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A Tar Conversion Model for Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifiers
(EUBCE, 2014) Fuentes Cano, Diego Javier; Gómez Barea, Alberto; Nilsson, Susanna Louise; Campoy Naranjo, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
A comprehensive tar conversion model for biomass gasification has not been developed up to date due to the great deal of processes involved, whose stoichiometry and kinetics are not well known. Therefore, simplified schemes of reactions are assumed in existing models, reducing their capability to predict the tar composition in the gas. In this work a model to predict tar composition from wood gasification was developed. The model takes into account both tar generation from the fuel and secondary transformations of the gas in the gasifier, mainly focused on conditions applicable to fluidized beds. The model comprises a limited number of tar compounds and reactions representing the main tar species and conversion mechanisms, which stoichiometry and kinetics are based on literature data. Comparison with measurements from literature data is presented to discuss the applicability of the model.
Advanced utilisation options for biomass gasification fl y ash
(2007) Gómez Barea, Alberto; Fernández Pereira, Constantino; Vilches Arenas, Luis Francisco; Leiva Fernández, Carlos; Campoy Naranjo, Manuel; Ollero de Castro, Pedro Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
The objective of this work was to search sustainable methods for the direct utilisation of the fly ash generated in a 150 kWth fluidised-bed pilot plant using Orujillo waste, a by-product from olive oil industry. An extensive characterization was made over raw ashes generated in the process. Existing (combustion) fly ash utilisation methods were found not to be directly applicable to these gasification ashes because of the high concentrations of unburned carbon and harmful soluble compounds. Further utilisation options for management of these ashes were identified. Two utilisation paths are investigated in detail in this work: the use of ash in the manufacture of gypsum wallboards and bricks with isolation properties. These utilisation options are based on lowcost preparation methods using ash in significant proportion, yielding a considerable high-value product. They represent promising new applications with high market potential. Dedicated tests to assess these two utilisation options are issued and from this the potential application of these routes is discussed. Keyboards: gasification; pilot plant; waste disposal
La alteración de la piedra en la Catedral de Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz, España)
(Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2012) Arroyo Torralvo, Fátima; Villegas Sánchez, Rosario; Rodríguez Sanchís, Jorge; Alcalde Moreno, Manuel; Moreno Pascualvaca, Sandra; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Peinado Herreros, María Ángeles; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP142: Ingeniería de Residuos
La Catedral jerezana es una construcción del siglo XVII, en concreto, la obra del actual edificio se desarrolla entre 1695 y 1778. La presente catedral se edificó originalmente como Iglesia Colegial, alzada sobre la primitiva Mezquita Mayor de Jerez y la antigua Iglesia del Salvador, cuyo origen data de 1264. A finales del siglo XVII, la antigua Iglesia Colegial de Jerez amenazaba ruina por lo que el Ayuntamiento y el Cabildo Colegial deciden derribarla para construir una nueva. Esta obra comenzó el 9 de mayo de 1695 bajo la dirección de Diego Moreno Meléndez. Tras algunas interrupciones, el 6 de diciembre de 1778 tiene lugar la inauguración del nuevo templo, si bien, los trabajos continuaron hasta el 19 de junio de 1849. El levantamiento del templo se prolonga a lo largo de más de ochenta años. La larga duración de su construcción implica que la Catedral jerezana presuma de la impresión en ella de tres estilos arquitectónicos: neoclasismo gaditano, barroco sevillano y gótico. El presente trabajo contempla como principal objetivo el estudio del estado de la piedra de la Catedral de Jerez, de las causas principales de su degradación y de las posibles medidas a adoptar para su conservación. Para ello se han realizado las siguientes tareas: - Diagnóstico de alteración de la Catedral de Jerez de la Frontera, que incluye la caracterización de los materiales pétreos del templo así como de los índices de alteración. - Estudio de los agentes de alteración: estudio del entorno ambiental y estudio de anteriores intervenciones que hayan podido influir en dicha alteración. - Determinación de la eficacia de los tratamientos de conservación (consolidantes e hidrofugantes) en los materiales pétreos mediante ensayos y experiencias sobre las probetas. - Propuestas de medidas de conservación teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos en el punto anterior con el fin de contribuir a una mejor conservación del templo.
Application of fuzzy logic for on-line control of a laboratory-scale anaerobic reactor
(1998) Molina Cantero, Francisco Javier; León de Mora, Carlos; Arnáiz Franco, Carmen; Lebrato Martínez, Julián; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
An automatic control system, based on fuzzy logic, has been designed to be used in connection to a laboratory-scale anaerobic reactor. The automatic control system is based on a computer that receives all the data from the sensors through a PLC and the keyboard and, by means of a series of fuzzy control rules, it elaborates a control action that modifies the pumps operation times on the base of one working-cycle. A MATLAB program produces the fuzzy inference and it also takes the control decisions. The inference time reached is about 1 ms. Measurements of pH, ORP, T and reactor water level are constantly relayed to the fuzzy controler. The control system has a series of tools that could be useful to the operator such as simulation screen, evaluation screen and trend graphics. The user interface described allows to work with data not obtained directly by means of sensors, so expensive sensors could be avoided. Thus, the operator can enter data from chemical or biological analyses by the keyboard, and elaborate his own fuzzy control rules and membership functions. Moreover, it is possible to evaluate the impact of control decisions without operating on the process. Therefore, the fuzzy controller is a simple, practical, and low-cost technology and allows the operator to control and modelling the system even if he is not an expert.
Approximate Prediction of Gas-Solid Conversion in Fluidized Bed Reactors
(ECI Digital Archives, 2007) Gómez Barea, Alberto; Leckner, Bob; Campoy Naranjo, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
A simple method is proposed to evaluate the performance of fluidized bed reactors where an nth-order gas-solid reaction occurs. The method takes into account the fluid dynamics of the fluidized bed by a two-phase flow model and the rates of diffusion in the solid reactant particles (internal and external) by a simple particle model. Approximate analytical expressions are derived in terms of three effectiveness factors: interphasic, external and intraparticle. These account for the contribution of fluid-dynamic and diffusional resistances to the overall mass-transfer resistance. Gas conversion is expressed in terms of four dimensionless governing quantities and the reaction order, in this way facilitating computations. Limiting cases of the general solution are discussed by comparison with analytical solutions found in literature. The methodology can be applied to catalytic or non-catalytic systems under isothermal conditions, where one heterogeneous reaction is involved.
Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and radiation exposure in new building materials in Spain
(Oxford University Press, 2021) Más Balbuena, José Luis; Caro Ramírez, J. R.; Hurtado Bermúdez, Santiago José; Leiva Fernández, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada I; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
Novel building materials were manufactured and analyzed for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using an HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The results show that the highest value of 40K was 4530 Bq per kg which was measured in a sample containing fly ashes from olive stones. The highest values of 226Ra and 232Th activities were 181 and 185 Bq per kg, which were measured in a sample with fly ashes from the co-combustion of coal and coke, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest values of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th activities were obtained for samples incorporating mussel shells. The radiological health hazard parameters, such as radium equivalent activity (Raeq), activity concentration index (I), absorbed and effective dose rates, associated with these radionuclides were evaluated. These values are within the EU recommended limits in building materials, except for samples of concrete containing fly ashes from olive stones, coal and coke. This study has contributed to the inclusion of industrial wastes that have not been collected previously in the Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) databases on radioactivity of building materials.
Banco de ensayos de canales abiertos de aguas
(Universidad de Granada, 2012-01) Pozo-Morales, Laura; Lebrato Martínez, Julián; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
Bases para la elaboración de las guías de diversidad ecológica en los ríos del Parque Natural Sierra Norte y Bajo Guadalquivir dentro del marco de la Directiva Marco de Aguas (DMA)
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2002) Carsí Caudet, Marta; Chamorro Castaño, Alfredo; Carrillo López, Eva; Villanueva Carrillo, Valero; Suárez Leiva, Elena; Sánchez Fernández, Luciana; Lebrato Martínez, Julián; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Moral Ituarte, Leandro del; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM159: Grupo TAR-Bioingeniería
El objeto de este trabajo consiste en la elaboración de las Guías de Diversidad Ecológica de macroinvertebrados y diatome as en la Sierra Norte de Sevilla y Bajo Guadalquivir, para su posterior aplicación en la determinación de la calidad de aguas de ríos según indica la nueva Directiva 2000/60/CE. Con este propósito se emplearan los índices biológicos normalizados franceses IBGN e IBD como referencia, para la poste rior inclusión o exclusión en los mismos de especies biológicas autóctonas de los cauces estudiados, así mismo se establece rá el periodo de duración para dicho estudio.
Biomass oxy-gasification integrated into a coal oxy-boiler.
(EUBCE, 2011) Gómez Barea, Alberto; Leckner, Bob; Ollero de Castro, Pedro Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
A biomass gasifier coupled to an oxycombustion boiler is an attractive concept, enabling simultaneous production of syngas of medium heating value and carbon “capture” from concentrated CO2 taken from the fluegas of an oxyboiler. Pure oxygen is available for the gasifier, because it is produced for the oxyboiler, taking advantage of the economy of scale of the coal plant. A model of the gasifier is used to study the effect of process conditions on the gas composition and efficiency. The potential use of the gas produced for various applications (cocombustion in the oxyboiler, electricity production in gas engines and synthesis of chemicals with and without CO2 separation are discussed. The capability of sequestration of green CO2 (from biomass) is discussed. A 3 MWth bubbling fluidized bed gasifier in León (Spain) has been erected to demonstrate the viability of this gasification process.
Caracterización de las cenizas de piritas de suroeste español como posible mena de Cu, Zn, Ag, y Au
(I Congreso Nacional Cuenca Minera de Riotinto, 1988) Romero Aleta, Rafael; Díaz Ojeda, Emilio; Carranza Mora, Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP186: Biohidrometalurgia; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP218: Biotecnología Ambiental
Characterisation of compounds formed and added on surface of outdoor Seville City Hall
(Elsevier, 2013) Robador González, María Dolores; Arroyo Torralvo, Fátima; Pérez Rodríguez, J.L.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
The study of the stone surface was helpful before the restoration of the Sevilla City Hall façade. This study supplied information of the environmental factors affecting the stone and the restoration treatments used in previous interventions. The stone was thin grained carbonate constituted essentially by fragments of bioclasts and fine sand. The stone was covered by an acrylic resin. Black crust was found. Gypsum and mortars has been added to cover losses of pieces or to fix fragments of stones. A layer of lime on the surface was also detected.
CO2 methanation: on the modeling of reacting laminar flows in structured Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts
(IOP Publishing, 2022) Medina Méndez, Juan A.; González Castaño, Míriam; Baena-Moreno, Francisco M.; Arellano García, Harvey; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
This work presents an overview of issues for the modeling of laminar flows in monolith catalysts. Both 0-D and 3-D models are evaluated for a parallel channel structured honeycomb catalyst (PC-HC), and a gyroid 3-D printed structured catalyst (G-3D). At the 0-D homogeneous reactor modeling level, the analysis is focused on the effect of the bulk porosity, as well as the model choice to represent Nusselt number effects. Results show the better suitability of a long tube Nusselt number model for the representation of the maximum temperature achievable in the 0-D homogeneous reactor, as well as a modest effect of the porosity on the catalyst CO2 conversion. A more detailed insight on heat transfer and the core reaction zone inside the monolith can be obtained at the 3-D homogeneous reactor modeling level.
Control of start-up of an osa system: an approach to reduce excess sludge production [Póster]
(Ecodes, 2011) Rodríguez-Pérez, Santiago; Gutiérrez, J.C.; Arnáiz Franco, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP218: Biotecnología Ambiental
In the most biological wastewater treatment process such as conventional activated sludge (CAS) system, though they have been recognized to be effective for organic wastewater treatment, the large amount of excess sludge derived from microbial growth generates high costs in equipment, operation, and final disposal. The OSA process is a midication of CAS process which can reduce sludge production by inserting a holding tank in return sludge circuit. In this holding tank, oxygen is not supplied so that excess sludge production can be reduced by an alternating exposure of activated sludge to oxic and anoxic environments (Saby et al. 2003, Chen et al. 2003, Jung et al. 2006, Rodríguez-Pérez el al. 2009, Rodríguez-Pérez et al. 2010). However, a better understanding of the cause of the process enabling excess sludge reduction is necessary for full scale experience. In this study, our experiments were carried out in two CAS systems, one of them modified to an OSA system. Primary experiments were carried out and the control or DO, pH and temperature were investigated after seed sludge inoculation.
Conversion of Olive Tree Prunings Fluidized Bed: Experiments and Gasifier Modeling
(EUBCE, 2013) Nilsson, Susanna Louise; Gómez Barea, Alberto; Campoy Naranjo, Manuel; Pinna, G.; Silva Pérez, Manuel Antonio; Ollero de Castro, Pedro Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Energética; CTAER (Centro Tecnológico Avanzado de Energías Renovables)
Fuel conversion measurements were conducted in a laboratory fluidized bed (FB) to characterize the most important steps taking place a FB gasifier in the range of 800.900 ºC. The main inputs for the gasifier model to be developed were obtained: product yields from devolatilization (light gas, tar and char) of olive tree pruning (OTP) and gasification kinetics of the produced char with CO2 and H2O. In the second part of this work, the obtained experimental data have been employed in a previously developed FB gasifier model to assess the gasification performance with OTP under various operating conditions. The effect of equivalence ratio, temperature of the feed gas, gasifier throughput, fuel moisture and ash content were analyzed. The main outputs from the model (bed temperature, gas composition, char conversion and gasification efficiency) are used to identify the optimal operation condition
Cp₂TiCl/Mn/D₂O: un reactivo verde para la deuteración de moléculas orgánicas
(Área de Innovación y Desarrollo, 2016) Rosales Martínez, Antonio; Rodríguez, I.; Pozo-Morales, Laura; Roldán, E.; Rodríguez, R.; Moncayo, P.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM159: Grupo TAR-Bioingeniería
En esta revisión se recoge una descripción detallada de la deuteración de moléculas orgánicas utilizando la mezcla Cp2TiCl/Mn/D2O. Se trata de una deuteración eficiente, selectiva, económica y respetuosa con el medio ambiente, la cual puede ser encuadrada dentro del concepto de Química Verde.
Crisis y accidentabilidad en el sector industrial
(2012) Onieva, Luis; Carrillo-Castrillo, Jesús Antonio; Pérez Mira, Ventura; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas II; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
Desarrollo de materiales superabsorbentes biodegradables procesados a partir de subproductos agroindustriales
(Área de Innovación y Desarrollo, 2016) Cordobés Carmona, Felipe; Aguilar García, José Manuel; Bengoechea Ruiz, José Manuel; Fuente Feria, Julia de la; López-Castejón, María Luisa; Romero García, Alberto; Ruiz Domínguez, Manuela; Guerrero Conejo, Antonio Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos Multicomponentes
Actualmente se admite la necesidad cada vez más apremiante de desarrollar nuevos materiales con mayor sostenibilidad. Los materiales superabsorbentes constituyen un claro ejemplo, lo cual implica que estén basados en materias primas renovables, de menor coste e impacto ambiental. A pesar de ello, la comercialización de productos superabsorbentes basados en materias primas de origen natural, que sean biocompatibles y biodegradables se encuentra aún bastante limitada, existiendo una evidente necesidad de impulsar la investigación en el sector. El trabajo pretende contribuir a satisfacer esa necesidad, estableciéndose como objetivo principal desarrrollar nuevos materiales que presenten gran capacidad de absorción de agua (absorbentes y superabsobentes), que puedan ser procesados mediante técnicas de eficacia contrastada en la industria de fabricación de plásticos. Todo ello a partir de fuentes naturales renovables tales como proteínas procedentes de subproductos de la industria agroalimentaria. Además de su capacidad absorbente estos materiales deben presentar propiedades mecánicas y biodegradabilidad apropiadas para que puedan suponer una alternativa a los fabricados con polímeros sintéticos. Como resultado del trabajo se pretende adquirir el conocimiento científico y establecer las bases tecnológicas necesarias para conseguir matrices absorbentes y superabsorbentes biodegradables. Asimismo, se evaluará su potencial en productos SAB para higiene personal y para horticultura.
Devolatilization of two agricultural residues in fluidized bed: product distribution and influence of fluidization agent
(EUBCE, 2011) Nilsson, Susanna Louise; Gómez Barea, Alberto; Fuentes Cano, Diego Javier; Peña, Yolanda; Ollero de Castro, Pedro Antonio; Campoy Naranjo, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
Devolatilization of two agricultural residues; corn stover and a solid by-product from enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass (cake), was carried out in a fluidized bed at temperatures between 750 and 900 ºC. The distribution of products and composition of the light gas were determined using N2 as fluidizing gas and the effect of the fluidizing agent was studied using N2-steam and N2-CO2 mixtures. Dedicated experiments were performed in order to measure the amount of H2O formed during devolatilization and the results had good repeatability. Expressions for calculating product yields and light gas composition as a function of temperature were obtained. These expressions are useful for gasification modeling. It was found that the composition of the fluidizing gas did not have significant effect on production of light gases during devolatilization.
Dynamic assessment of Waste-to-Energy Schemes in Current European Landfill-Dominant Regions
(EUBCE, 2017) Aracil Fernández, Carmen; García Haro, Pedro; Fuentes Cano, Diego Javier; Gómez Barea, Alberto; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica
Even when European regulation has been encouraging landfill reduction in the last decades, 13 out of 28 EU countries still landfill more than 50% of their municipal solid waste (MSW), mainly located in Southern and Eastern Europe. In this paper, waste-to-energy (WtE) schemes based on gasification are proposed in order to minimize the landfill disposal in European landfill-dominant regions. These schemes are assessed by means of a dynamic GHG emissions methodology since comparing with a dynamic reference system (i.e. methane emissions are delayed several years after the landfilling of the wastes and the emissions continue unevenly for at least 20 years more). The evolution of current waste management system and mix of electricity production is also modeled. The results reveal that the incorporation of gasification-based WtE plants in dominated-landfill European countries has a positive climate impact compared to current waste management in the short term. The long-term climate impact is, however, not secure since it depends on the evolution of the reference system in the analyzed region. Among the assessed configurations, the fluidised bed gasifier with internal combustion engine (FBG/ICE) configuration achieves the best climate benefit since has the highest energy efficiency.
Empirical Correlations for Biomass Pyrolysis Predictions
(EUBCE, 2010) Neves, D.; Thunman, H.; Matos, A.; Tarelho, L.; Gómez Barea, Alberto; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental
This work provides literature data on the characteristics of biomass pyrolysis. It is analyzed the behavior of product yields and properties on pyrolysis peak temperature dependence (within 200-1000ºC). Empirical relationships are derived from the collected data, which can be used to approximate the elemental composition and heating value of chars, tars and total permanent gas as well as yields of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and light hydrocarbons. Some of these relationships seem valid for almost any biomass and are roughly independent of the pyrolysis conditions. Since pyrolysis is a common stage on the thermo-chemical conversion of solid biomass, the information provided here can be applied in the scope of pyrolysis, gasification and combustion applications.

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