Agronomía

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11296

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500 years of breeding in the Carthusian Strain of Pura Raza Español horse: an evolutional analysis using genealogical and genomic data
(Wiley, 2022) Poyato Bonilla, Julia; Laseca, Nora; Demyda Peyras, Sebastián; Molina, Antonio; Valera Córdoba, María Mercedes; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
The Carthusian horse is a Pura Raza Español (PRE) strain (CS), bred as a 14 closed population since its creation more than 500 years ago. The aim of this study was to 15 analyse for the first time its population structure and situation of variability combining both 16 genealogical (GEL) and genomic (GEN) data. The GEL data comprised 348,429 pedigree 17 records (56,105 CS horses), while the GEN analysis included the high-density genotypes 18 (670,804 SNPs) of 287 horses. Pedigree completeness demonstrated its accuracy, 19 showing a good correlation of GEL (F) and GEN (FROH) inbreeding coefficient in the case 20 of PRE subpopulations partially related and non related to Carthusian strain (0.68) but a 21 lower value in the 100% Carthusian horses (0.42), due to the high weight of founders not 22 detected by GEL analysis. GEN (PCA, AMOVA, and Admixture) and GEL analysis showed 23 a good differentiation of subpopulations, but also a high level of introgression of the CS in 24 the breed during past decades. A recent change in this trend was noteworthy, with a 25 considerable reduction in CS variability and a genetic bottleneck (effective population sizes 26 of 31.57 and 30.20 in GEL and GEN analysis respectively in last generation). The PRE 27 has maintained its variability and a considerable difference in estimated Ne by GEL (60.77) 28 and GEN (188.0) data was observed. Using two sources of complementary information, it 29 was found the existence of an ancient PRE strain with a unique genetic landmark, 30 practically free from the influence of other equine populations
A Cloud-Based Environment for Generating Yield Estimation Maps From Apple Orchards Using UAV Imagery and a Deep Learning Technique
(Frontiers Media S. A., 2020) Apolo Apolo, Orly Enrique; Pérez Ruiz, Manuel; Martínez Guanter, Jorge; Valente, João; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR-278: Smart Biosystems Laboratory
Farmers require accurate yield estimates, since they are key to predicting the volume of stock needed at supermarkets and to organizing harvesting operations. In many cases, the yield is visually estimated by the crop producer, but this approach is not accurate or time efficient. This study presents a rapid sensing and yield estimation scheme using offthe-shelf aerial imagery and deep learning. A Region-Convolutional Neural Network was trained to detect and count the number of apple fruit on individual trees located on the orthomosaic built from images taken by the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The results obtained with the proposed approach were compared with apple counts made in situ by an agrotechnician, and an R2 value of 0.86 was acquired (MAE: 10.35 and RMSE: 13.56). As only parts of the tree fruits were visible in the top-view images, linear regression was used to estimate the number of total apples on each tree. An R2 value of 0.80 (MAE: 128.56 and RMSE: 130.56) was obtained. With the number of fruits detected and tree coordinates two shapefile using Python script in Google Colab were generated. With the previous information two yield maps were displayed: one with information per tree and another with information per tree row. We are confident that these results will help to maximize the crop producers' outputs via optimized orchard management.
A Comparative Analysis of Carbon Footprint in the Andalusian Autochthonous Dairy Goat Production Systems
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Mancilla Leytón, Juan Manuel; Morales Jerrett, Eduardo; Muñoz Vallés, Sara; Mena Guerrero, Yolanda; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; European Union (UE)
The small ruminant livestock sector faces the challenge of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Carbon footprint (CF) studies on dairy goats, the most widely used indicator to quantify the impact of livestock farming on global warming, are still few. The aim of this study was to calculate the CF of the different production systems of autochthonous dairy goat breeds presently occurring in Andalusia (S Spain) and identify systems and practices that can minimize their environmental impact in these terms. Twenty-one farms were monitored during a year, obtaining valuable information that allowed the CF calculation on a “cradle-to-gate” approach, taking into account both GHG emissions at the farm level and carbon sink by vegetation associated with land-based systems. Results showed similar CF values for the analyzed systems (1.42, 1.04, 1.15, and 1.17 kg CO2-eq kg−1 fat–protein corrected milk for indoor systems without associated crops, indoor systems with associated crops, grazing systems with high feed supply, and pastoral systems, respectively). To minimize their environmental impact, specific actions must be developed for each system, particularly regarding genetic improvement, reproductive and feeding management, including pasture management, and the integration of livestock activity into the bio-circular economy with the help of professional advice.
A comparative study of fatty acid profiles of fat in commercial Spanish suckling kids and lambs
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 2014) Horcada Ibáñez, Alberto Luis; Campo, María del Mar; Polvillo Polo, Oliva; Alcalde Aldea, María Jesús; Cilla Simón, Irene; Sañudo Astiz, Carlos; Horcada Ibáñez, Alberto Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT). España
Fatty acid profiles are a major contributor to meat quality in small ruminants. Nevertheless, while fatty acid profiles from suckling lambs have been extensively studied they are virtually unknown in suckling kids. Fatty acid profiles of intramuscular and kidney knob fat depots of suckling kids were compared with fatty acid profiles of lambs with a quality label in the Spanish market. Forty suckling kids from Blanca Celtibérica (BC), Moncaína (Mo), Negra Serrana (NS) and Murciano Granadina (MG) breeds and 20 Churra male suckling lambs labelled with ‘Lechazo de Castilla y León’ Protected Geographic Indication were slaughtered at commercial live weights (12 kg). In both depots differences in the unsaturated fatty acid profile were observed between breeds. The most pronounced differences were observed between meat goat breeds (BC, Mo and NS) and lambs, whilst a greater similarity in the fatty acid profile was observed between kids from dairy goat breeds (MG) and lambs. The lowest polyunsaturated fatty acid content was observed in meat goat breeds (approximately 21 to 22% of total fatty acids detected in the intramuscular fat). No significant differences in atherogenic index and desirable fatty acid content (range 68 to 70% of total fatty acids detected) were observed. However, a more favourable (lower than 8.07) n-6/n-3 ratio was observed in meat goat breeds. The use of fatty acid profiles from intramuscular and kidney knob fat could be proposed as a tool to differentiate goat kids and lambs. The fact that intramuscular fat from suckling kids and lambs shows appropriate lipid nutritional indices and their low carcass fatness indicate that moderate consumption of suckling kid and lamb meat may contribute to an overall balanced diet for humans
A genome-wide association study of mare fertility in the Pura Raza Español horse
(ELSEVIER, 2022) Laseca, Nora; Demyda Peyras, Sebastián; Valera Córdoba, María Mercedes; Ramón, M.; Escribano Durán, Begoña María; Perdomo González, Davinia Isabel; Molina, A.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR273: Nuevas Tecnologías de Mejora Animal y de Sus Sistemas Productivos
Despite the economic importance of fertility for the horse industry, few efforts have been made to achieve a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying its control. This is probably due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable phenotypes and the complexity of modelling the environmental and management factors. This work is novel in that we propose to use reproductive efficiency (RE) as an indicator of mare fertility. To achieve this, we performed a genome-wide association study in the Pura Raza Español horse aimed at identifying genomic variants, regions, and candidate genes associated with fertility in mares. The dataset included 819 animals genotyped with the Affymetrix Axiom™ Equine 670 K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Genotyping Array and the deregressed breeding values for RE trait, obtained using a ssBLUP model, employed as pseudo-phenotypic data. Our results showed 28 SNPs potentially associated with RE, which explained 87.19% of the genetic variance and 6.61% of the phenotypic variance. Those results were further validated in BayesB, showing a correlation between observed and predicted RE of 0.57. In addition, 15 candidate genes (HTRA3, SPIRE1, APOE, ERCC1, FOXA3, NECTIN-2, KLC3, RSPH6A, PDPK1, MEIOB, PAQR4, NM3, PKD1, PRSS21, IFT140) previously related to fertility in mammals were associated with the markers and genomic regions significantly associated with RE. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide association study performed on mare fertility.
A global horizon scan of the future impacts of robotics and autonomous systems on urban ecosystems
(Springer Nature, 2021) Goddard, M.A.; Guenat, S.; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos
Technology is transforming societies worldwide. A significant innovation is the emergence of robotics and autonomous systems (RAS), which have the potential to revolutionise cities for both people and nature. Nonetheless, the opportunities and challenges associated with RAS for urban ecosystems have yet to be considered systematically. Here, we report the findings of an online horizon scan involving 170 expert participants from 35 countries. We conclude that RAS are likely to transform land-use, transport systems and human-nature interactions. The prioritised opportunities were primarily centred on the deployment of RAS for monitoring and management of biodiversity and ecosystems. Fewer challenges were prioritised.Those that were emphasised concerns surrounding waste from unrecovered RAS, and the quality and interpretation of RAS-collected data. Although the future impacts of RAS for urban ecosystems are hard to predict, examining potentially important developments early is essential if we are to avoid detrimental consequences, but fully realise the benefits.
A Mixed Data-Based Deep Neural Network to Estimate Leaf Area Index in Wheat Breeding Trials
(MDPI, 2020) Apolo Apolo, Orly Enrique; Pérez Ruiz, Manuel; Martínez Guanter, Jorge; Egea Cegarra, Gregorio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR278: Smart Biosystems Laboratory AGR278
Remote and non-destructive estimation of leaf area index (LAI) has been a challenge in the last few decades as the direct and indirect methods available are laborious and time-consuming. The recent emergence of high-throughput plant phenotyping platforms has increased the need to develop new phenotyping tools for better decision-making by breeders. In this paper, a novel model based on artificial intelligence algorithms and nadir-view red green blue (RGB) images taken from a terrestrial high throughput phenotyping platform is presented. The model mixes numerical data collected in a wheat breeding field and visual features extracted from the images to make rapid and accurate LAI estimations. Model-based LAI estimations were validated against LAI measurements determined non-destructively using an allometric relationship obtained in this study. The model performance was also compared with LAI estimates obtained by other classical indirect methods based on bottom-up hemispherical images and gaps fraction theory. Model-based LAI estimations were highly correlated with ground-truth LAI. The model performance was slightly better than that of the hemispherical image-based method, which tended to underestimate LAI. These results show the great potential of the developed model for near real-time LAI estimation, which can be further improved in the future by increasing the dataset used to train the model.
A Numerical Modelling Study on the Potential Role of Tsunamis in the Biblical Exodus
(MDPI - Open Access Publishing, 2015) Abril Hernández, José María; Periáñez Rodríguez, Raúl; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada I; Universidad de Sevilla RNM138: Fisica Nuclear Aplicada
The reliability of the narrative of the Biblical Exodus has been subject of heated debate for decades. Recent archaeological studies seem to provide new insight of the exodus path, and although with a still controversial chronology, the effects of the Minoan Santorini eruption have been proposed as a likely explanation of the biblical plagues. Particularly, it has been suggested that flooding by the associated tsunamis could explain the first plague and the sea parting. Recent modelling studies have shown that Santorini’s tsunami effects were negligible in the eastern Nile Delta, but the released tectonic stress could have triggered local tsunamigenic sources in sequence. This paper is aimed to a quantitative assessment of the potential role of tsunamis in the biblical parting of the sea. Several “best case” scenarios are tested through the application of a numerical model for tsunami propagation that has been previously validated. The former paleogeographic conditions of the eastern Nile Delta have been implemented based upon recent geological studies; and several feasible local sources for tsunamis are proposed. Tsunamis triggered by submarine landslides of 10–30 km3 could have severely impacted the northern Sinai and southern Levantine coasts but with weak effects in the eastern Nile Delta coastline. The lack of noticeable flooding in this area under the most favorable conditions for tsunamis, along with the time sequence of water elevations, make difficult to accept them as a plausible and literally explanation of the first plague and of the drowning of the Egyptian army in the surroundings of the former Shi-Hor Lagoon.
A regulated deficit irrigation strategy for hedgerow olive orchards with high plant density
(Springer, 2013) Pérez Martín, Alfonso; Torres Ruiz, José Manuel; Cuevas Sánchez, María Victoria; Rodríguez Domínguez, Celia Modesta; Elsayed Farag, Sheren; Hernández Santana, Virginia; Díaz Espejo, Antonio; Fernández Luque, José Enrique; Morales Sillero, Ana María; García Martos, José María
Background & Aims There is not a consensus on the best irrigation approach for super-high density (SHD) olive orchards. Our aim was to design and test a regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategy for a sustainable balance between water saving, tree vigour and oil production. Methods We tested our RDI strategy for 3 years in an ‘Arbequina’ orchard with 1,667 trees ha−1. Two levels of irrigation reduction were applied, 60RDI and 30RDI, scaled to replacing 60 % and 30 %, respectively, of the of irrigation needs (IN). We also had a full irrigation (FI) treatment as control, with IN totalling 4,701 m3 ha−1 Results The 30RDI treatment showed the best balance between water saving, tree vigour and oil production. With a yearly irrigation amount (IA) of 1,366 m3 ha−1, which meant 72 % water saving as compared to FI, the reduction in oil yield was 26 % only. Conclusions Our results, together with recent knowledge on the effect of water stress on fruit development, allowed us to suggest a potentially improved RDI strategy for which a total IA of ca. 2,100 m3 ha−1 was calculated. Both some management details and the benefits of this suggested RDI strategy are still to be tested.
A Study on the Transport of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr in Marine Biota in a Hypothetical Scenario of a Nuclear Accident in the Western Mediterranean Sea
(MDPI, 2023-08) Periáñez Rodríguez, Raúl; Cortés Parejo, María del Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada I; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada; Universidad de Sevilla. FQM164: Matemática Discreta: Teoría de Grafos y Geometría Computacional
A Lagrangian model which simulates the transport of radionuclides released from nuclear accidents in the western Mediterranean Sea was recently described. This model was developed in spherical coordinates and includes three-dimensional mixing due to turbulence, advection by currents, radioactive decay, and radionuclide exchanges between water and bed sediments. Water circulation was downloaded from the HYCOM global ocean model. Water–sediment interactions were described using a dynamic model based on kinetic transfer coefficients. Mixing, decay, and water–sediment interactions were solved using a stochastic method. Now, a dynamic biological uptake model consisting of four species (phytoplankton, zooplankton, non-piscivorous fish, and piscivorous fish) has been integrated within the transport model to be able to assess the effects of a potential accident in biota and fishery regions. The model has been set up for ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr due to the radiological relevance of these radionuclides. Several hypothetical accidents were simulated, resulting in ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in biota significantly higher than background levels. In contrast, ⁹⁰Sr accumulates in the food chain to a considerably weaker extent.
Absence of Yield Reduction after Controlled Water Stress during Prehaverst Period in Table OliveTrees
(MDPI, 2020) Martín Palomo, María José; Corell González, Mireia; Girón Moreno, Ignacio; Andreu Cáceres, Luis; Galindo, Alejandro; Centeno, Ana; Pérez López, David; Moriana Elvira, Alfonso; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR188: Agronomía
Deficit irrigation scheduling is becoming increasingly important under commercial conditions. Water status measurement is a useful tool in these conditions. However, the information about water stress levels for olive trees is scarce. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect on yield of a moderate controlled water stress level at the end of the irrigation season. The experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of La Hampa (Coria del Río, Seville, Spain) during three years. A completely randomized block design was performed using three different irrigation treatments. Deficit irrigation was applied several (4 or 2) weeks before harvest. Irrigation was controlled using the midday stem water potential, with a threshold value of −2 MPa and compared with a full irrigated treatment. This water stress did not reduced gas exchange during the deficit period. The effect on yield was not significant in any of the three seasons. In the high-fruit load season, fruit volume was slightly affected (around 10%), but this was not significant at harvest. Results suggest an early affection of fruit growth with water stress, but with a slow rate of decrease. Moderate water stress could be useful for the management of deficit irrigation in table olive trees
Absolute Configuration of Falcarinol (9Z-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6- diyn-3-ol) from Pastinaca sativa
(Natural Product Communications, 2013) Corell González, Mireia; Sheehyb, Eimilee; Evans, Paul; Brunton, Nigel; Valverde, Juan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR188: Agronomía
Falcarinol (9Z-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyn-3-ol; 1) is a polyacetylene commonly found in several plant families. The absolute configuration of naturally occurring 1 is not clear and contradictory results have been reported in the literature. Determination of the absolute configuration of 1 from Pastinaca sativa L. was carried out. Isolation of 95% pure 1 was performed via successive fractionation and preparative-HPLC. A racemic mixture comprised of 3R-1 and 3S-1 was synthesized in order to confirm the absolute configuration of the isolated natural product using chiral HPLC. Based on a combination of chiral HPLC and specific rotation, 1 present in P. sativa was found to have a 3R absolute configuration (i.e. (3R, 9Z)-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyn-3-ol).
Acabado de corderos merinos extremeños en cebadero: pesos, crecimientos, rendimientos y valor del quinto cuarto
(Universidad de Córdoba, 1993) Alcalde Aldea, María Jesús; Sierra Alfranca, I.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR273: Nuevas Tecnologías de Mejora Animal y de Sus Sistemas Productivos
Se estudian el crecimiento, y rendimiento de la canal de 47 corderos (Merino Precoz x Merina) procedentes de Extremadura, cebados, sacrificadas y comercializados en Aragón como ternoscos. Los corderos con 16,95 kg de peso medio, se llevaron en cebadero a 24,83 kg con crecimientos medios de 364,0 g (404,3 g en machos y 321,9 g hembras), con un importante efecto sexo (p<0.00I ). El índice de transformación fue 2,706 kg pienso y 2,010 TDN por kg de ganancia igualmente favorable a los machos. En crecimien¬to e indices de transformación superaron a las razas autóctonas del entorna. El pesa vivo sacrificio medio (PVS) fue de 23,03 kg; mayor (p<0.00I) en los machos (24,59 kg) que en las hembras (21,67 kg); el peso de canal promedió 1 1,4 3 kg (dentro del tipo ternasco), también más elevado en las machas (1 2,06 kg vs 10,89 kg, p<0,001). Las pérdidas por ayuno y oreo fueron de 6,50 p.100 sobre PVG y 1,79 p.100 sobre PCC, con escasa influencia del sexo; el pesa del quinto cuarto fue algo menor en las hembras. El peso relativo del digestivo y su contenido es ligeramente superior en las hembras, lo que parece indicar una mayor precocidad. La piel y la cabeza en valores absolutos, y menos en valores relativos,muestran un clara efecto sexo a favor de los machos. El rendimiento de canal fue mayor en las hembras que en los machos (49,30 p.100 vs48,26 p.100 en rendimiento comercial).
Ácaros y sus depredadores en almendro [Dataset]
(2022) González Zamora, José Enrique; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; González Zamora, José Enrique; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; AGR188: Agronomia
Datos de presencia de ácaros fitófagos y depredadores, así como insectos depredadores en una parcela de almendro en la provincia de Sevilla (España)
El aceite de oliva de montaña en Jaén: calidad y cadena de valor
(Instituto de Estudios Giennenses, 2014) Sanz Cañada, Javier; García Brenes, Manuel David; Barneo Alcántara, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Economía Aplicada II; SEJ217: Analisis Regional: Economia Andaluza (Area)
El olivar tradicional de montaña, que responde mayoritariamente a plantaciones tradicionales en pendientes de más del 15%, en secano y de bajo rendimiento, representa el 40% de la superficie olivícola provincial jienense. La investigación tiene como finalidad estimar y analizar las cadenas de valor de los aceites de montaña en Jaén y su diferenciación territorial, con el fin de aportar información para la aplicación de políticas públicas sobre los productos agroalimentarios de calidad diferencial en la UE. El análisis de rentabilidad se segmenta por tipos de sistemas de cultivo de olivar y por zonas oleícolas de montaña -con DOP y sin DOP- y de campiña. El trabajo tiene como objetivo preliminar definir las coordenadas territoriales, tanto a nivel económico como social y ambiental, de los sistemas oleícolas locales de montaña en Jaén, que permiten explicar cómo se conforman las respectivas cadenas de valor y su variabilidad espacial en un contexto de análisis de la calidad de los aceites: se hace un especial énfasis en el estudio de las relaciones entre los agentes económicos e institucionales locales y el territorio. El objetivo final del trabajo es examinar las desventajas competitivas, en términos de rentas diferenciales, de los sistemas oleícolas locales de montaña, en comparación con los de campiña, en materia de ingresos, costes y rentabilidad: se desagrega el análisis por etapas productivas de las cadenas oleícolas -olivicultores, almazaras y empresas comercializadoras-, se diferencia el análisis entre las cadenas de aceite a granel y de aceite envasado y se consideran especialmente el aceite ecológico y el aceite con etiqueta de DOP. La investigación también pretende verificar si los aceites jienenses de montaña presentan características de tipicidad, en comparación con los aceites de campiña, que puedan generar atributos específicos de marketing-mix destinados a obtener rentas de diferenciación mediante las etiquetas de las DOP, que contrarresten las desventajas productivas de los agentes y empresas oleícolas de montaña. La metodología del trabajo combina la compilación y el análisis de fuentes secundarias, estadísticas y bibliográficas, con la generación de información procedente de fuentes primarias, centradas en la realización de entrevistas a expertos locales y testigos privilegiados. Además, para estudiar los sistemas oleícolas locales, se ha dispuesto de una valiosa información territorializada suministrada por la Unidad de Prospectiva de la Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca de la Junta de Andalucía, que ha sido imprescindible para la investigación. Los resultados del trabajo reflejan que el grado de marginalidad económica del olivar tradicional de montaña, en alta pendiente y en secano, es considerablemente alto y afecta a una gran extensión de la geografía de la provincia de Jaén. Se demuestra que esta tipología de sistema de cultivo tiene en todas las zonas oleícolas jienenses una rentabilidad media negativa, no sólo en términos de rentabilidad privada, sino incluso también si incluimos en dicha estimación las subvenciones de la PAC. Por otra parte, un atributo de comercialización que puede ser empleado por las empresas de aceite de montaña que producen aceite de calidad diferencial, integrándose también en el “marketing mix” de los sellos de DOP y ecológico, es la diferenciación físico-química y organoléptica entre los aceites de montaña y los aceites de campiña, lo que ha sido escasamente utilizado por las DOP jienenses hasta el momento actual.
La aceituna de mesa, entre la presión de la distribución y la competencia de bajo coste
(Agrícola Española, 2008) García Brenes, Manuel David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Economía Aplicada II; Universidad de Sevilla. SEJ217: Analisis Regional: Economia Andaluza (Area)
De las 700.000 t de aceituna de verdeo de la UE, estimadas para la inminente campaña, más de 500.000 van a provenir de la producción española. Su liderazgo se debe en gran medida al peso específico de la producción andaluza, que en la campaña 2007/2008 alcanzó un 70% de la producción nacional total. David García Brenes analiza las fortalezas y debilidades de un sector que necesita redefinir estrategias de cara a formar marcas de comercialización propias y para hacer frente a un producto más barato que viene fuera del ámbito comunitario
Active Optical Sensors for Tree Stem Detection and Classification in Nurseries
(2014) Garrido, Miguel; Pérez Ruiz, Manuel; Valero, Constantino; Gliever, Chris J.; Hanson, Bradley D.; Slaughter, David C.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; European Union (UE); Universidad de Sevilla. AGR-126 Mecanización y Tecnología Rural
Active optical sensing (LIDAR and light curtain transmission) devices mounted on a mobile platform can correctly detect, localize, and classify trees. To conduct an evaluation and comparison of the different sensors, an optical encoder wheel was used for vehicle odometry and provided a measurement of the linear displacement of the prototype vehicle along a row of tree seedlings as a reference for each recorded sensor measurement. The field trials were conducted in a juvenile tree nursery with one-year-old grafted almond trees at Sierra Gold Nurseries, Yuba City, CA, United States. Through these tests and subsequent data processing, each sensor was individually evaluated to characterize their reliability, as well as their advantages and disadvantages for the proposed task. Test results indicated that 95.7% and 99.48% of the trees were successfully detected with the LIDAR and light curtain sensors, respectively. LIDAR correctly classified, between alive or dead tree states at a 93.75% success rate compared to 94.16% for the light curtain sensor. These results can help system designers select the most reliable sensor for the accurate detection and localization of each tree in a nursery, which might allow labor-intensive tasks, such as weeding, to be automated without damaging crops.
Actuaciones dentro del plan de recuperación de una raza autóctona en peligro de extinción: la raza ovina churra lebrijana. Caracteres cualitativos externos y faneróptica
(Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca., 2007) Romero Falcón, Francisco; Siles, A.; Juárez Dávila, Manuel María; Alcalde Aldea, María Jesús; Valera Córdoba, María Mercedes; Peña Blanco, Francisco; Molina, A.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España
La raza ovina Churra Lebrijana se localiza en la Sierra Norte de Sevilla y Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche. En la actualidad, se encuentra en grave peligro de extinción, contando con no más de 200 efectivos repartidos en dos explotaciones. Ante la necesidad de abordar la llevanza del Libro Genealógico de la raza, previa concesión, por los organismos administrativos pertinentes, se están llevando a cabo una serie de actuaciones, encuadradas en un proyecto INIA, con la finalidad de preservarla. En este sentido, se han obtenido un total de 23 variables cualitativas correspondientes a las regiones de la cabeza, tronco, mamas y extremidades, así como caracteres de índole faneróptica. Se han controlado un total de 22 ejemplares (16 hembras y el total de sementales de la raza), localizados en dos explotaciones de Andalucía. Para sentar las bases que permitan recuperar y conservar la raza, es necesario realizar un análisis previo que determine la variabilidad de los caracteres analizados a fin de poder encuadrar /discriminar aquellos animales que se ajusten o no al patrón racial propuesto.
Adaptación de los indicadores FAO a sistemas caprinos semiextensivos: reflexiones sobre una experiencia en Andalucía
(Federación Española de Asociaciones de Ganado Selecto, 2005) Mena Guerrero, Yolanda; Castel Genís, José María; Romero Falcón, Francisco; Ruiz Morales, Francisco de Asís; García, M.; Toussaint, Godfried; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR233: Tecnología de la Producción Animal
En los últimos años se viene observando en Andalucía la desaparición de numerosos sistemas semiextensivos caprinos a favor de otros más intensivos. Las causas de estas tendencias son diversas. Si se quieren potenciar los sistemas caprinos ligados al pastoreo, es necesario conocer como funcionan técnicamente y cual es su nivel de rentabilidad. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el trabajo que se está llevando a cabo y analizar las dificultades encontradas al utilizar los indicadores propuestos por FAO.
Adaptive sequence evolution is driven by biotic stress in a pair of orchid species (Dactylorhiza) with distinct ecological optima
(Wiley and Sons, 2017) Balao Robles, Francisco J.; Trucchi, Emiliano; Wolfe, Thomas M.; Hao, Bao-Hai; Lorenzo, María Teresa; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; European Union (UE); Universidad de Sevilla. RNM204: Ecologia Reproductiva de Plantas
The orchid family is the largest in the angiosperms, but little is known about the molecular basis of the significant variation they exhibit. We investigate here the transcriptomic divergence between two European terrestrial orchids, Dactylorhiza incarnata and Dactylorhiza fuchsii, and integrate these results in the context of their distinct ecologies that we also document. Clear signals of lineage-specific adaptive evolution of protein-coding sequences are identified, notably targeting elements of biotic defence, including both physical and chemical adaptations in the context of divergent pools of pathogens and herbivores. In turn, a substantial regulatory divergence between the two species appears linked to adaptation/acclimation to abiotic conditions. Several of the pathways affected by differential expression are also targeted by deviating post-transcriptional regulation via sRNAs. Finally, D. incarnata appears to suffer from insufficient sRNA control over the activity of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, resulting in increased activity of class I transposable elements and, over time, in larger genome size than that of D. fuchsii. The extensive molecular divergence between the two species suggests significant genomic and transcriptomic shock in their hybrids and offers insights into the difficulty of coexistence at the homoploid level. Altogether, biological response to selection, accumulated during the history of these orchids, appears governed by their microenvironmental context, in which biotic and abiotic pressures act synergistically to shape transcriptome structure, expression and regulation.

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