Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11311

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17 planos + Plano guía
(Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 1999) Albarreal Núñez, María Jesús; Cascales Barrio, Juan; Márquez Pedrosa, Francisco Javier; González Contró, Mónica; Alt-Q Arquitectura; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Cantero-Martín, Pedro Antón; Escalera Reyes, Javier; García del Villar, Reyes; Hernández Ramírez, Macarena
3D modeling of the Macarena Wall (Seville): Methodological proposal for its integration in digital cartographic management stude
(2021-06-30) Cabrera Revuelta, Elena; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Hidalgo Sánchez, Francisco Manuel; Romero Hernández, Rocío; Canivell, Jacinto; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP018: Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP211: Conservación Preventiva del Patrimonio Construido
Conservation studies of an architectural asset constitute a solid support for future interventions. In particular, Digital Cartographic Management advocates the use of simplified models that allow different levels of definition to be achieved, depending on the desired architectural scale. Based on previous studies in which four levels of definition have been achieved, the aim is to define a fifth level from a 3D model. For this purpose, the Macarena Wall (Seville) is proposed as a case study. In this work, a photogrammetric survey of a section of the sector of this medieval wall is carried out, from which the entities that will form part of a fifth level of definition are identified.
3D GIS Semi-automatized Modelling Procedure for the Conservation of the PHiM: Heritage Municipal Buildings of Seville (Spain): a New Dimension for Urban Cultural Data Management
(ACM, 2022) Hidalgo Sánchez, Francisco Manuel; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Kada, Martin; Romero Hernández, Rocío; Canivell, Jacinto; López Larrínaga, Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
This research explores the possibilities resulting from the use of three-dimensional (3D) models designed in GIS environments for their application to the management and conservation of historical architectonic heritage. This 3D modelling work is one of the strategic actions of the recently finished Master Plan for Conservation of Heritage Municipal Buildings (PD-PHiM) for the City of Seville (Spain). This plan deals with the analysis of a group of 115 municipally owned buildings of high heritage interest that include different typologies, chronologies scales, and uses. This investigation has complemented and continued the initial work begun by the Seville Spatial Data Infrastructure (ide.SEVILLA) in the field of 3D mapping of urban environments and its publication as institutional open data. The implemented improvements started on an initial diagnosis of a preliminary urban model, which reached a level of detail (LOD) of 2, as defined by the CityGML standard, in only 20% of the registered assets in the PD-PHiM database. The proposed methodology has achieved the automation of most of the process of building 3D geo-referenced models to increase the percentage of assets that reach the LOD2 to 75%. The initial information comes from the use of institutional spatial data of different types and sources: Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Spanish Cadastre Office, and so on. Additionally, the generated entities have been linked to a complex, multidisciplinary and multiscale database, designed within the framework of the strategic actions of the PD-PHiM. The contributions of the proposal, especially in the automation of processes, imply a considerable saving of resources in comparison with other methods in which the modelling is eminently carried out manually. Thus, they are complementary to those that are related to the use of 3D modelling software intended for other purposes, with the consequent incompatibilities and hard interoperability procedures with GIS environments that this implies.
A Comparative Analysis of the International Regulation of Thermal Properties in Building Envelope
(MDPI, 2019) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Oliveira, Miguel; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Marín García, David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
To achieve the goals of reducing building energy consumption, regulations are being designed to guarantee the appropriate energy performance of buildings. Both European and South American countries establish requirements of thermal properties of building envelope according to the climate zone, thus implying notable di erences in climate classifications and technical requirements. This research provides a general view of advantages and limitations between the di erent state regulations of three South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, and Chile) and three European countries (Spain, Portugal, and France). A total of 792 simulations were conducted with Energy Plus by considering 12 di erent dwelling typologies in 66 climate zones. Building envelopes were adapted to the regulations of the various countries. Results showed tendencies of performance clearly di erent between the South American and the European countries, with the latter being those with the lowest energy demands. The cluster analysis of distributions of energy demand revealed that buildings located in similar climates but in di erent countries present very di erent energy performances. This research opens up the discussion on the development of more demanding policies related to thermal properties of buildings. Also, the analysis at a continental scale could reduce the di erences between countries and guarantee a more sustainable life for the building stock.
A fuzzy expert system in buildings serviceability
(University of Ghent, 2017) Prieto Andreu, Joel Manuel; Macías Bernal, Juan Manuel; Alejandre Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Silva, A.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Janssens, Arnold; Schutter, Geert De; Belie, Nele De
The preservation of the built heritage plays an essential role in the revitalization of current societies, being crucial to their social and economic development. The buildings’ service life should be used as a decision criterion in the definition of rehabilitation and maintenance strategies. This study proposes a model to analyse the buildings’ serviceability, which is a complex issue, since the functional service life of buildings and components are usually related with subjective concepts and requirements. For this, an expert system called as Fuzzy Buildings Service Life - FBSL is proposed, it is a computational tool that applies a fuzzy logic model for estimating the functional service life of the buildings under analysis. The fuzzy inference system (FIS) is based on professional expert knowledge and it is implemented in the open access software Xfuzzy 3.0. This model is based on 17 input factors, five related with vulnerability and 12 related with external risks and the model’s output is a functionality index. This research represents a new breakthrough in the field of thefunctionalservice life prediction, where architectural construction is considered as a single element. The expert system has been normalized through the international standard ISO 31000:2011 (risk management, assessment and analysis). This model was initiallyapplied to100heritage buildings (churches built between the 13rdand the 18thcenturies) located in Spain, being posteriorly applied to other buildings located in other European regions. In this approach, an example with five monuments is shown. Also the model was validated through the comparison to another service life prediction model, widely used in the literature, ensuring the model’s accuracy for ranking buildings’ serviceability. This model is able to accurately prioritize proactive rehabilitation actions, which is an essential dimension in order to implement preventive maintenance programs of buildings and architectural heritage sets
A Multiplatform BIM-Integrated Construction Waste Quantification Model during Design Phase: the case of the Structural System in a Spanish Building
(MDPI, 2021) Quiñones Rodríguez, Rocío; Llatas, Carmen; Montes Delgado, María Victoria de; Cortés Albalá, Isidro; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
Construction waste (CW) is a prime contributor to the stream of total waste worldwide. One of the biggest challenges of the construction industry is to minimise CW and to develop practices of a more sustainable nature for its management and recycling in order to promote its transition towards a more effective circular economy. The implementation of these practices contributes towards mitigating the scarcity of natural resources and the environmental impact of CW. Thus, a preceding and essential step is the estimation of CW during building design, which will allow the adoption of measures for its early reduction and optimisation. For this purpose, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become a useful methodology to predict waste during the early stages of design. There remains, however, a lack of instrumental development. Therefore, this study proposes a BIM-based method to estimate CW during building design by integrating a consolidated construction waste quantification model in three different BIM platforms. For its validation, the method is applied to the structural system of a Spanish residential building. The results provide evidence that the proposed method is vendor-neutral and enables the automatic identification and quantification of the waste generated by each building element during the design stage in multiple BIM platforms.
A new tool based on artificial intelligence and GIS for preventive conservation of heritage buildings
(GVES, 2019) Martín, J. M.; Prieto Ibáñez, Andrés José; Romero, A.; Ortiz, R.; Macías Bernal, Juan Manuel; Ortiz, P.; Cagigas Muñiz, Daniel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Formisano, A.; Indirli, M.; Paolella, G.; Dobran, Flavio
This paper describes a new predictive model for preventive conservation of buildings. It allows for multiscenarios of several hazards, assessments of environmental risks, and the use level of buildings together with cultural val-ues of monuments. This modeling approach is based on fuzzy logic and geographic information system available to organizations dedicated to the restoration and rehabilitation in Spain. This system has a transversal development that includes urban, architectural, cultural heritage value, and the analysis of environmental and sociodemographic situations around the monuments. This new tool allows for decision making based on scientific criteria and minimizes risklosses of cultural assets
A vueltas con la muralla de Sevilla: resultados de la intervención arqueológica sobre la portada de la Real Casa de la Moneda
(Delegación de Patrimonio Histórico y Natural, 2009) Mora Vicente, Gregorio Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
A work breakdown structure for estimating building life cycle cost aligned with sustainable assessment-application to functional costs
(MDPI, 2024-04-16) Vázquez López, Eduardo; Solís-Guzmán, Jaime; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
The tools used for budgeting in the building design phase are still insufficient to address the life cycle of the building in terms of environmental and cost impacts. The main objective of this research is to define a model for extending existing cost databases to accommodate life cycle sustainability assessment. For this, current classification systems are reviewed and a case study has been analysed using the new approach. To this end, a new system of classification of construction information is proposed for the evaluation of early design costs, when data are scarce and the only information available refers to the gross interior area and the plot. The classification organizes the costs in a similar way to the sustainability assessment in EN-15643. A subcategory has been added for revenue, developer costs, and taxes at all stages of the lifecycle. The resulting classification is applied to the functional elements of a secondary school project. In the case study, construction costs represent 21% while the use stage accounts for 72% in a 100-year lifespan. The results show that, starting from generic cost bases, more complex costs and functional costs can be defined at different stages of the life cycle and adjusted to sustainability assessment standards.
El abastecimiento de aguas en la Sevilla califal: algunas notas a propósito de un qanat descubierto bajo el Palacio Arzobispal de Sevilla
(2008) Mora Vicente, Gregorio Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
El artículo presenta el descubrimiento de un registro hidráulico subterráneo bajo el Palacio Arzobispal de Sevilla, interpretado como parte de un sistema de abastecimiento público en origen, posteriormente compartimentado e incluido en las residencias del siglo XII. Por su sistema constructivo, se identifica el edificio como un qanat.
Action protocols for seismic evaluation of structures and damage restoration of residential buildings in Andalusia (Spain): “IT-Sismo” APP
(MDPI, 2019-04) Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Canivell, Jacinto; Jaramillo-Morilla, Antonio; Romero-Hernández, Rocío; Ruiz-Jaramillo, Jonathan; Soriano-Cuesta, Cristina; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
The seismotectonic conditions of the Iberian Peninsula trigger the occurrence of earthquakes with an occasional periodicity, but with intensities greater than VI on the European macroseismic scale (EMS). For this reason, local action protocols are required in order to efficiently organise the technical inspections that must be carried out on a massive scale after events such as the earthquakes experienced in the Spanish cities of Lorca (2011) and Melilla (2016). This paper proposes the development of a set of documents for the evaluation and diagnosis of the state of existing buildings and infrastructure regarding seismic activity in Andalusia. With special attention paid to residential typology, approximations have been carried out to the normative context, to general comparatives, to particular analyses of a case studies selection, and to complementary approaches. The results have led to the establishment of two specific protocols. Firstly, the short-term guideline enables the classification of damage and risk levels, and the determination of what immediate interventions should be carried out through the generation of a preliminary on-site report. This activity can be performed by architects and engineers with the help of a mobile-device application (APP IT-Sismo Andalucía). Additionally, a long-term protocol provides calculation procedures and constructive solutions for the improvement of the seismic behaviour of affected buildings. Specially designed tests demonstrate the validity of the protocols and illustrate the need for information and communication technologies (ICT) tools in the evaluation of architectonic technical aspects.
Adaptation Strategies and Resilience to Climate Change of Historic Dwellings
(Sustainability Editorial Office, 2015) Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Pulido Arcas, Jesús Alberto; Cabeza Laínez, José María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas
Historic city centres have a large amount of dwellings in Europe, which were built to provide a comfortable shelter with the absence of mechanical means. The knowledge of climate responsive design strategies can play a significant role in reducing the energy demand of extant buildings, paving the way for its sustainable development in the face of the rising threat to its occupants of climate change. The residential architecture, developed, in most cases, in dense urban centres, was built using both available materials and traditional and academic construction technologies. This paper thoroughly investigates the extant urban conglomerate in Cádiz and analyses, in a qualitative and quantitative manner, which bioclimatic design strategies were applied and the city’s adaptation for future climate scenarios. The results indicate that historic housing in Cádiz is creatively adapted to the local natural conditions by means of a combination of climate responsive strategies, and there is significant scope for improvement in the ongoing response to global warming.
Adaptive comfort control implemented model (ACCIM) for energy consumption predictions in dwellings under current and future climate conditions: A case study located in Spain
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2019-04-20) Sánchez García, Daniel; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Tristancho Carvajal, Mónica; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
Currently, the knowledge of energy consumption in buildings of new and existing dwellings is essential to control and propose energy conservation measures. Most of the predictions of energy consumption in buildings are based on fixed values related to the internal thermal ambient and pre-established operation hypotheses, which do not reflect the dynamic use of buildings and users’ requirements. Spain is a clear example of such a situation. This study suggests the use of an adaptive thermal comfort model as a predictive method of energy consumption in the internal thermal ambient, as well as several operation hypotheses, and both conditions are combined in a simulation model: the Adaptive Comfort Control Implemented Model (ACCIM). The behavior of ACCIM is studied in a representative case of the residential building stock, which is located in three climate zones with different characteristics (warm, cold, and mild climates). The analyses were conducted both in current and future scenarios with the aim of knowing the advantages and limitations in each climate zone. The results show that the average consumption of the current, 2050, and 2080 scenarios decreased between 23% and 46% in warm climates, between 19% and 25% in mild climates, and between 10% and 29% in cold climates by using such a predictive method. It is also shown that this method is more resilient to climate change than the current standard. This research can be a starting point to understand users’ climate adaptation to predict energy consumption.
Adaptive Comfort Models Applied to Existing Dwellings in Mediterranean Climate Considering Global Warming
(MDPI, 2018-09) Sánchez García, Daniel; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Pulido Arcas, Jesús Alberto; Guevara García, Francisco Javier; Canivell, Jacinto; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
Comfort analysis of existing naturally ventilated buildings located in mild climates, such as the ones in the Mediterranean zones, offer room for a reduction in the present and future energy consumption. Regarding Spain, most of the present building stock was built before energy standards were mandatory, let alone considerations about global warming or adaptive comfort. In this context, this research aims at assessing adaptive thermal comfort of inhabitants of extant apartments building in the South of Spain per EN 15251:2007 and ASHRAE 55-2013. The case study is statistically representative housing built in 1973. On-site monitoring of comfort conditions and computer simulations for present conditions have been carried out, clarifying the degree of adaptive comfort at present time. After that, additional simulations for 2020, 2050, and 2080 are performed to check whether this dwelling will be able to provide comfort considering a change in climate conditions. As a result, the study concludes that levels of adaptive comfort can be considered satisfactory at present time in these dwellings, but not in the future, when discomfort associated with hot conditions will be recurrent. These results provide a hint to foresee how extant dwellings, and also dwellers, should adapt to a change in environmental conditions.
Adaptive comfort potential in different climate zones of Ecuador considering global warming
(MDPI, 2023-04-24) Delgado Gutiérrez, Evelyn Yaneth; Canivell, Jacinto; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Hidalgo Sánchez, Francisco Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP211: Conservación Preventiva del Patrimonio Construido; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP018: Ingeniería del Terreno
Ecuador is a country with several climate zones. However, their behaviour is similar throughout the year, with no peaks of extreme temperatures in the various seasons. This paper is a first approach to study the adaptive comfort behaviour in several areas and populations of the country. Considering the ASHRAE 55-2020 model, energy simulation programmes are applied not just to the current climate scenario but also to the climate change scenarios of 2050 and 2100. The results of locations are analysed and compared to determine their performance. Thanks to their climate characteristics, adaptive comfort models could be applied as a passive strategy, using natural ventilation for building indoor comfort improvement, particularly social dwellings. According to previous studies, some prototypes have not considered the climate determinants in each region. Given the geographic situation of the study areas, the adaptive comfort model could be applied in all cases. Percentages of application of natural ventilation and heating and cooling degree hours have similar behaviours according to the climatic region, with a variation greater than 30% among them.
Adaptive Thermal Comfort Potential in Mediterranean Office Buildings: A Case Study of Torre Sevilla
(Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), 2018-08-30) Castaño-Rosa, Raúl; Rodríguez Jiménez, Carlos Eugenio; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
The design and construction of buildings is currently subject to a growing set of requirements concerning sustainability and energy efficiency. This paper shows a case study of the Torre Sevilla skyscraper, located in the city of Seville (in the south of Spain), which has high-tech energy-efficient features and which uses air-conditioning systems during most of its operating hours. The analysis carried out starts from a simulation in which occupants’ thermal comfort are obtained, based on the adaptive comfort model defined in the standard EN 15251:2007. With this approach, it is possible to determine the number of hours during operation in which the building has adequate comfort conditions only with the help of the envelope and natural ventilation. Consequently, the remaining useful hours require the use of air-conditioning systems. The results show that it is possible to improve the thermal performance of the building due to its location in the Mediterranean climate. To do this, advanced mixed mode (through manual-opening or mechanically-controlled opening windows) and active air-conditioning are suggested. This experimental proposal provides a reduction of the occupation hours which require the use of air-conditioning equipment by 28.57%, reducing the air-conditioning demand and, consequently, the energy consumption of the building.
Adquisición de competencias fuera del aula en el área de construcciones arquitectónicas
(Universidad Europea de Madrid, 2010) Ruiz Sánchez, Antonio; Calatrava Escobar, Juan; Martínez Carrillo, Manuel Javier; González Casares, José Antonio; Castilla Rodríguez, Beatriz; León Muñoz, Miguel Ángel; Montes Delgado, María Victoria de; Abasolo Alcázar, Andrés; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
La investigación educativa que presentamos, es un proyecto de innovación docente desarrollado en el Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas de la Universidad de Granada. Con este proyecto se pretende continuar con la innovación educativa ya comenzada en años anteriores, en la que se traslada el aula al futuro centro de trabajo de los estudiantes, intentando enriquecer así el proceso de aprendizaje y facilitando la adquisición de competencias profesionales vinculadas al proceso constructivo. El proyecto centra su contenido en las diferentes fases del proceso constructivo de cubiertas tradicionales en edificación, desde la fase de redacción del proyecto hasta la ejecución física de la obra. Gracias a la colaboración de la Fundación Laboral de la Construcción, el alumnado universitario ha podido visualizar las prácticas del curso de formación ocupacional en “Albañilería” impartido en las instalacione dedicha institución en Granada. Estas prácticas comparten los mismos conceptos que los de la asignatura de Construcción I. El alumnado que no ha participado en las visitas a la Fundación, ha recibido los mismos conocimientos pero con una docencia mediante clases magistrales, lo que nos ha permitido estudiar y comparar el grado de asimilación en el aprendizaje, y la mejora para la docencia que ofrecen la visualización directa de las unidades de obra. Para poder contrastar dicho progreso, se han realizado evaluaciones a los alumnos previas y posteriores a la experiencia. Los resultados de las evaluaciones confirman las hipótesis iniciales, de que esta estrategia docente permite mejorar la adquisición de conocimientos y competencias
Aislamiento y reciclaje para reducir el consumo energético de las viviendas en Andalucía
(Universidad de Sevilla, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, 2011) Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
Se han realizado dentro del proyecto de investigación Aislamiento y Reciclaje para Reducir el Consumo Energético de las Viviendas en Andalucía (ARCEVA) diversos trabajos relacionados con la solución de fachadas. Se identifican cuatro trabajos principales: desarrollo de materiales de construcción reciclados que incluyen paneles de yeso y placas de hormigón, evaluación del consumo energético de las nuevas fachadas y finalmente evaluación de los impactos, técnico, ambiental, económico y social, de las nuevas propuestas. Se han cuantificado los impactos de las fachadas en las viviendas a través de diferentes indicadores que permiten identificar los materiales y productos de construcción que controlan el problema. Para ello se emplea un modelo de cuantificación de recursos consumidos en construcción que se basa en la estructura de medición y presupuesto de obras de edificación del Banco de Costes de la Construcción de Andalucía. La metodología propuesta analiza una fachada de vivienda compuesta principalmente por fábrica de ladrillo y trasdosado de cartón-yeso, materiales comúnmente empleados en las viviendas VPO en Andalucía. Se identifica que ambos materiales controlan el impacto ambiental y económico de la solución y se sustituyen por nuevos materiales reciclados desarrollados también en el proyecto. Los materiales reciclados han sido caracterizados: procesos de manufactura, composición, comportamiento mecánico y frente al fuego. Finalmente, se realizan prototipos de fachas a escala de laboratorio y se comprueba mediante el modelo de cuantificación como se reducen significativamente el impacto ambiental y económico de la ejecución de fachadas mediante las nuevas propuestas.
Albedo impact on the microclimate of courtyards, potential implications on the UHI. A case study in Seville, Spain
(International Building Performance Simulation Association, 2022) Alzate Gaviria, Sebastián; López Cabeza, Victoria Patricia; Diz Mellado, Eduardo María; Rivera-Gómez, Carlos; Galán-Marín, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a phenomenon that threatens life in cities nowadays. Among other strategies to adapt cities to this phenomenon is the use of the tempering potential of courtyards and changes in the albedo of the surfaces. However, there is little literature about the influence of the albedo on the thermal performance of the courtyard. This research aims to analyze the effect of albedo alteration of the surfaces of a courtyard located in Seville on its tempering potential and the comfort of the users. Besides, it evaluates the accuracy and suitability of the simulation tool ENVI-met, widely used for the simulation of outdoor spaces, by contrasting monitoring and simulation results. It is concluded that high reflectance surfaces reduce the surface temperature by reflecting solar radiation, so they accumulate less heat during daylight hours and release less heat at night, however, the high reflection compromises user comfort.
El albero: un material muy sevillano
(Consejo General de Aparejadores y Arquitectos Técnicos, 1998) Alejandre Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)

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