Investigación

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/10690

Esta comunidad enfocada en la investigación recoge artículos, capítulos de libros, libros, ponencias y datos fuentes de investigación.

This research-focused community collects articles, book chapters, books, presentations and research source data.

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Mostrando 1 - 11 de 11

CHIELD: the causal hypotheses in evolutionary linguistics database
(Oxford University Press, 2020) G Roberts, Seán; Killin, Anton; Deb, Angarika; Sheard, Catherine; Greenhill, Simon J; Sinnemäki, Kaius; Segovia- Martín, José; Nölle, Jonas; Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs; Humphreys- Balkawill, Archie; Little, Hannah; Opie, Christopher; Jacques, Guillaume; Bromham, Lindell; Tinits, Peeter; Ross, M.; Lee, Sean; Gasser, Emily; Calladine, Jasmine; Spike, Matthew; Mann, Stephen Francis; Shcherbakova, Olena; Singer, Ruth; Zhang, Shuya; Benítez Burraco, Antonio; Kliesch, Christian; Thomas-Colquhoun, Ewan; Skirgård, Hedvig; Tamariz, Monica; Passmore, Sam; Pellard, Thomas; Jordan, Fiona; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Lengua Española, Lingüística y Teoría de la Literatura; European Union (UE). H2020; European Research Council (ERC); Academy of Finland; Australian Research Council; Leverhulme Trust; John Templeton Fund
Language is one of the most complex of human traits. There are many hypotheses about how it originated, what factors shaped its diversity, and what ongoing processes drive how it changes. We present the Causal Hypotheses in Evolutionary Linguistics Database (CHIELD, https://chield.excd.org/), a tool for expressing, exploring, and evaluating hypotheses. It allows researchers to integrate multiple theories into a coherent narrative, helping to design future research. We present design goals, a formal specification, and an implementation for this database. Source code is freely available for other fields to take advantage of this tool. Some initial results are presented, including identifying conflicts in theories about gossip and ritual, comparing hypotheses relating population size and morphological complexity, and an author relation network.
Effects of Interspecific Coexistence on Laying Date and Clutch Size in Two Closely Related Species of Hole-nesting Birds
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018) Møller, Anders Pape; Balbontín Arenas, Javier; Dhondt, André A.; Remeš, Vladimir; Adriaensen, Frank; Biard, Clotilde; Camprodon, Jordi; Cichoń, Mariusz; Doligez, Blandine; Dubiec, Anna; Lambrechts, Marcel M.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Zoología; Academy of Finland
Coexistence between great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus, but also other hole-nesting taxa, constitutes a classic example of species co-occurrence resulting in potential interference and exploitation competition for food and for breeding and roosting sites. However, the spatial and temporal variations in coexistence and its consequences for competition remain poorly understood. We used an extensive database on reproduction in nest boxes by great and blue tits based on 87 study plots across Europe and Northern Africa during 1957–2012 for a total of 19,075 great tit and 16,729 blue tit clutches to assess correlative evidence for a relationship between laying date and clutch size, respectively, and density consistent with effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition. In an initial set of analyses, we statistically controlled for a suite of site-specific variables. We found evidence for an effect of intraspecific competition on blue tit laying date (later laying at higher density) and clutch size (smaller clutch size at higher density), but no evidence of significant effects of intraspecific competition in great tits, nor effects of interspecific competition for either species. To further control for site-specific variation caused by a range of potentially confounding variables, we compared means and variances in laying date and clutch size of great and blue tits among three categories of difference in density between the two species. We exploited the fact that means and variances are generally positively correlated. If interspecific competition occurs, we predicted a reduction in mean and an increase in variance in clutch size in great tit and blue tit when density of heterospecifics is higher than the density of conspecifics, and for intraspecific competition, this reduction would occur when density of conspecifics is higher than the density of heterospecifics. Such comparisons of temporal patterns of means and variances revealed evidence, for both species, consistent with intraspecific competition and to a smaller extent with interspecific competition. These findings suggest that competition associated with reproductive behaviour between blue and great tits is widespread, but also varies across large spatial and temporal scales. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology
EUROfusion contributions to ITER nuclear operation
(Institute of Physics (IOP Publishing), 2024-11) Litaudon, X.; Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín; García Muñoz, Manuel; Gonzalez Martin, Javier; Sanchis Sánchez, Lucía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación; European Union (UE); Academy of Finland; Universidad de Sevilla. FQM402: Ciencias y Tecnologías del Plasma y el Espacio
ITER is of key importance in the European fusion roadmap as it aims to prove the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion as a future energy source. The EUROfusion consortium of labs within Europe is contributing to the preparation of ITER scientific exploitation and operation and aspires to exploit ITER outcomes in view of DEMO. The paper provides an overview of the major progress obtained recently, carried out in the frame of the new (initiated in 2021) EUROfusion work-package called 'Preparation of ITER Operation' (PrIO). The overview paper is directly supported by the eleven EUROfusion PrIO contributions given at the 29th Fusion Energy Conference (16–21 October 2023) London, UK [www.iaea.org/events/fec2023]. The paper covers the following topics: (i) development and validation of tools in support to ITER operation (plasma breakdown/burn-through with evolving plasma volume, new infra-red synthetic diagnostic for off-line analysis and wall monitoring using Artificial Intelligence techniques, synthetic diagnostics development, development and exploitation of multi-machine databases); (ii) R&D for the radio-frequency ITER neutral beam sources leading to long duration of negative deuterium/hydrogen ions current extraction at ELISE and participation in the neutral beam test facility with progress on the ITER source SPIDER, and, the commissioning of the 1 MV high voltage accelerator (MITICA) with lessons learned for ITER; (iii) validation of neutronic tools for ITER nuclear operation following the second JET deuterium–tritium experimental campaigns carried out in 2021 and in 2023 (neutron streaming and shutdown dose rate calculation, water activation and activated corrosion products with advanced fluid dynamic simulation; irradiation of several materials under 14.1 MeV neutron flux etc).
ForestTemp – Sub-canopy Microclimate Temperatures of European Forests
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2022) Haesen, S.; Lembrechts, J. J.; De Frenne, P.; Lenoir, J.; Aalto, J.; Ashcroft, M. B.; Kopecky, M.; Luoto, M.; Maclean, I. M. D.; Nijs, I.; Merinero Mesa, Sonia; Van Meerbeek, K.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Academy of Finland; European Research Council (ERC); Akademie Ved Ceske Republiky; Agentura na Podporu Vyskumu a Vyvoja; Agency of the Czech Republic; University of Helsinki; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). Bélgica; Structure Federative de Recherche Condorcet; KU Leuven; French National Research Agency (ANR); ETH Zurich
Ecological research heavily relies on coarse-gridded climate data based on standardized temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many organisms experience environmental conditions that differ substantially from those captured by these macroclimatic (i.e. free air) temperature grids. In forests, the tree canopy functions as a thermal insulator and buffers sub-canopy microclimatic conditions, thereby affecting biological and ecological processes. To improve the assessment of climatic conditions and climate-change-related impacts on forest-floor biodiversity and functioning, high-resolution temperature grids reflecting forest microclimates are thus urgently needed. Combining more than 1200 time series of in situ near-surface forest temperature with topographical, biological and macroclimatic variables in a machine learning model, we predicted the mean monthly offset between sub-canopy temperature at 15 cm above the surface and free-air temperature over the period 2000–2020 at a spatial resolution of 25 m across Europe. This offset was used to evaluate the difference between microclimate and macroclimate across space and seasons and finally enabled us to calculate mean annual and monthly temperatures for European forest understories. We found that sub-canopy air temperatures differ substantially from free-air temperatures, being on average 2.1°C (standard deviation ± 1.6°C) lower in summer and 2.0°C higher (±0.7°C) in winter across Europe. Additionally, our high-resolution maps expose considerable microclimatic variation within landscapes, not captured by the gridded macroclimatic products. The provided forest sub-canopy temperature maps will enable future research to model below-canopy biological processes and patterns, as well as species distributions more accurately.
Interaction of Climate Change with Effects of Conspecific and Heterospecific Density on Reproduction
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2020) Møller, Anders Pape; Balbontín Arenas, Javier; Dhondt, André A.; Adriaensen, Frank; Artemyev, Alexandr; Bańbura, Jerzy; Barba, Emilio; Biard, Clotilde; Blondel, Jacques; Lambrechts, Marcel M.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Zoología; Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre (IB KRC RAS). Russia; Academy of Finland; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España
We studied the relationship between temperature and the coexistence of great titParus majorand blue titCyanistes caeruleus, breeding in 75 study plots across Europe and North Africa. We expected an advance in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer springs as a general response to climate warming and a delay in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer winters due to density-dependent effects. As expected, as spring temperature increases laying date advances and as winter temperature increases clutch size is reduced in both species. Density of great tit affected the relationship between winter temperature and laying date in great and blue tit. Specifically, as density of great tit increased and temperature in winter increased both species started to reproduce later. Density of blue tit affected the relationship between spring temperature and blue and great tit laying date. Thus, both species start to reproduce earlier with increasing spring temperature as density of blue tit increases, which was not an expected outcome, since we expected that increasing spring temperature should advance laying date, while increasing density should delay it cancelling each other out. Climate warming and its interaction with density affects clutch size of great tits but not of blue tits. As predicted, great tit clutch size is reduced more with density of blue tits as temperature in winter increases. The relationship between spring temperature and density on clutch size of great tits depends on whether the increase is in density of great tit or blue tit. Therefore, an increase in temperature negatively affected the coexistence of blue and great tits differently in both species. Thus, blue tit clutch size was unaffected by the interaction effect of density with temperature, while great tit clutch size was affected in multiple ways by these interactions terms.
Interaction of Climate Change with Effects of Conspecific and Heterospecific Density on Reproduction
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2020) Møller, Anders Pape; Balbontín Arenas, Javier; Dhondt, André A.; Adriaensen, Frank; Artemyev, Alexandr; Bańbura, Jerzy; Barba, Emilio; Biard, Clotilde; Blondel, Jacques; Bouvier, Jean-Charles; Marcel M.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Zoología; Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre (IB KRC RAS). Rusia; Academy of Finland; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España
We studied the relationship between temperature and the coexistence of great tit Parus major and blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, breeding in 75 study plots across Europe and North Africa. We expected an advance in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer springs as a general response to climate warming and a delay in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer winters due to density-dependent effects. As expected, as spring temperature increases laying date advances and as winter temperature increases clutch size is reduced in both species. Density of great tit affected the relationship between winter temperature and laying date in great and blue tit. Specifically, as density of great tit increased and temperature in winter increased both species started to reproduce later. Density of blue tit affected the relationship between spring temperature and blue and great tit laying date. Thus, both species start to reproduce earlier with increasing spring temperature as density of blue tit increases, which was not an expected outcome, since we expected that increasing spring temperature should advance laying date, while increasing density should delay it cancelling each other out. Climate warming and its interaction with density affects clutch size of great tits but not of blue tits. As predicted, great tit clutch size is reduced more with density of blue tits as temperature in winter increases. The relationship between spring temperature and density on clutch size of great tits depends on whether the increase is in density of great tit or blue tit. Therefore, an increase in temperature negatively affected the coexistence of blue and great tits differently in both species. Thus, blue tit clutch size was unaffected by the interaction effect of density with temperature, while great tit clutch size was affected in multiple ways by these interactions terms.
Novel diversity of polar Cyanobacteria revealed by genome-resolved metagenomics
(Microbiology Society, 2023) Pessi, Igor S.; Popin, Rafael V.; Durieu, Benoit; Lara, Yannick; Tytgat, Bjorn; Savaglia, Valentina; Roncero Ramos, Beatriz; Hultman, Jenni; Verleyen, Elie; Vyverman, Wim; Wilmotte, Annick; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. Belgium; Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research. Belgium; Academy of Finland; Junta de Andalucía
Benthic microbial mats dominated by Cyanobacteria are important features of polar lakes. Although culture-independent studies have provided important insights into the diversity of polar Cyanobacteria, only a handful of genomes have been sequenced to date. Here, we applied a genome-resolved metagenomics approach to data obtained from Arctic, sub-Antarctic and Antarctic microbial mats. We recovered 37 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Cyanobacteria representing 17 distinct species, most of which are only distantly related to genomes that have been sequenced so far. These include (i) lineages that are common in polar microbial mats such as the filamentous taxa Pseudanabaena, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus/Tychonema and Phormidium; (ii) the less common taxa Crinalium and Chamaesiphon; (iii) an enigmatic Chroococcales lineage only distantly related to Microcystis; and (iv) an early branching lineage in the order Gloeobacterales that is distributed across the cold biosphere, for which we propose the name Candidatus Sivonenia alaskensis. Our results show that genome-resolved metagenomics is a powerful tool for expanding our understanding of the diversity of Cyanobacteria, especially in understudied remote and extreme environments.
Optimizing beam-ion confinement in ITER by adjusting the toroidal phase of the 3D magnetic fields applied for ELM control
(IOP Publishing, 2021-03) Sanchis Sánchez, Lucía; García Muñoz, Manuel; Viezzer, Eleonora; Loarte, A.; Li, L.; Liu, Y. Q.; Zarzoso, D.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España; EUROfusion Consortium; European Union (UE). H2020; Academy of Finland
The confinement of neutral beam injection (NBI) particles in the presence of n = 3 resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in 15 MA ITER DT plasmas has been studied using full orbit ASCOT simulations. Realistic NBI distribution functions, and 3D wall and equilibria, including the plasma response to the externally applied 3D fields calculated with MARS-F, have been employed. The observed total fast-ion losses depend on the poloidal spectra of the applied n = 3 RMP as well as on the absolute toroidal phase of the applied perturbation with respect to the NBI birth distribution. The absolute toroidal phase of the RMP perturbation does not affect the ELM control capabilities, which makes it a key parameter in the confinement optimization. The physics mechanisms underlying the observed fast-ion losses induced by the applied 3D fields have been studied in terms of the variation of the particle canonical angular momentum (δPϕ) induced by the applied 3D fields. The presented simulations indicate that the transport is located in an edge resonant transport layer as observed previously in ASDEX upgrade studies. Similarly, our results indicate that an overlapping of several linear and nonlinear resonances at the edge of the plasma might be responsible for the observed fast-ion losses. The results presented here may help to optimize the RMP configuration with respect to the NBI confinement in future ITER discharges.
Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene climate history in the Guadix-Baza Basin, and the environmental conditions of early Homo dispersal in Europe
(Elsevier Science, 2021) Saarinen, Juha; Oksanen, Otto; Žliobaitė, Indrė; Fortelius, Mikael; DeMiguel, Daniel; Azanza, Beatriz; Bocherens, Hervé; Luzón, Carmen; Solano García, José Antonio; Courtenay, Lloyd A.; Blain, Hugues-Alexandre; Sánchez-Bandera, Christian; Serrano-Ramos, Alexia; Rodríguez-Alba, Juan José; Viranta, Suvi; Barsky, Deborah; Tallavaara, Miikka; Oms, Oriol; Agustí, Jordi; Ochando, Juan; Carrión, José S.; Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología; Junta de Andalucía; Academy of Finland; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Fundación Séneca; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Generalitat de Catalunya
The Guadix-Baza Basin (GBB) in Andalucía, Spain, comprises palaeontological and archaeological sites dating from the Early Pliocene to the Middle Pleistocene, including some of the earliest sites with evidence for the presence of early humans (Homo sp.) in Europe. Thus, the history of climate and environments in this basin contributes significantly to our understanding of the conditions under which early humans spread into Europe during the Early Pleistocene. Here we present estimates of precipitation and primary productivity in the GBB from the Pliocene to the Middle Pleistocene based on dental ecometrics in fossil communities of large herbivorous mammals, and perform an ecometrics-based distribution modelling to analyse the environmental conditions of Early and Middle Pleistocene human sites in Europe. Our results show that Early Pleistocene humans generally occupied on average relatively diverse habitats with ecotones, such as woodlands and savannas, but avoided very open and harsh (cool or dry) environments. During the Middle Pleistocene in Europe, humans occupied a comparatively much broader range of environments than during the Early Pleistocene, but were on average more concentrated in environments where the dental ecometric of mammals indicate wooded palaeoenvironments. In the earliest human occupation sites of the GBB, Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva 3, the mean annual precipitation and net primary production estimates indicate climatic conditions close to modern Mediterranean sclerophyllous woodland environments, but with slightly higher primary productivity, basin indicating some similarity with East African woodlands. On the other hand, the environments did not resemble African grassland savannas. The browse-dominated diets of ungulates from Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 further suggest palaeoenvironments where grasses were a minor component of the vegetation. In the slightly older site of Venta Micena that has no evidence for the presence of hominins, dental ecometric estimates indicate climate and environments similar to Mediterranean “forest steppe” environments existing in the surroundings of Baza today. Grasses were prevalent in the diet of some taxa, especially equids, in Venta Micena, but most of the species show browse-dominated diets even there.
Study of elastic and inelastic scattering of 7Be + 12C at 35 MeV
(Elsevier, 2022) Kundalia, Kabita; Gupta, Dhruba; Ali, Sk M.; Saha, Swapan K.; Tengblad, Olof; Ovejas, J. D.; Perea, Ángel; Martel Bravo, Ismael; Moro Muñoz, Antonio Matías; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear; European Union (UE). H2020; Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Swedish Research Council; Institute for Basic Sciencie (Korea); Academy of Finland; Junta de Andalucía
The elastic and inelastic scattering of 7Be from 12C have been measured at an incident energy of 35 MeV. The inelastic scattering leading to the 4.439 MeV excited state of 12C has been measured for the first time. The experimental data cover an angular range of θcm = 15∘-120∘. Optical model analyses were carried out with Woods-Saxon and double-folding potential using the density dependent M3Y (DDM3Y) effective interaction. The microscopic analysis of the elastic data indicates breakup channel coupling effect. A coupled-channel analysis of the inelastic scattering, based on collective form factors, shows that mutual excitation of both 7Be and 12C is significantly smaller than the single excitation of 12C. The larger deformation length obtained from the DWBA analysis could be explained by including the excitation of 7Be in a coupled-channel analysis. The breakup cross section of 7Be is estimated to be less than 10% of the reaction cross section. The intrinsic deformation length obtained for the 12C⁎ (4.439 MeV) state is δ2 = 1.37 fm. The total reaction cross section deduced from the analysis agrees very well with Wong's calculations for similar weakly bound light nuclei on 12C target.
The endpoint Fefferman-Stein inequality for the strong maximal function
(Elsevier, 2014-01-01) Luque Martínez, Teresa; Parissis, Ioannis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Análisis Matemático; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Academy of Finland
Let Mnf denote the strong maximal function of f on Rn, that is the maximal average of f with respect to n-dimensional rectangles with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. For any dimension n > 2 we prove the natural endpoint Fefferman-Stein inequality for Mn and any strong Muckenhoupt weight w: w({x ∈ Rn : Mnf(x) > λ}) .w,n Z Rn |f(x)| λ 1 + log+ |f(x)| λ n−1 Mnw(x)dx. This extends the corresponding two-dimensional result of T. Mitsis.

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