This file has been created at [21-02-2023] by [Sara Martín Hernanz] GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------ 1. Dataset title: Dataset obtained for the preparation of the manuscript "Strong floral morphology conservatism during the rapid diversification of the genus Helianthemum" based on the analysis of 1122 flowers and 83 Helianthemum taxa. 2. Authorship: Name: Sara Martín Hernanz Institution: Universidad de Sevilla Email: sara.martin.hernanz@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0001-9881-9919 Name: Rafael González Albaladejo Institution: Universidad de Sevilla Email: albaladejo@us.es ORCID: 0000-0003-2101-5204 Name: Sebastien Lavergne Institution: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine Email: sebastien.lavergne@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr Name: Encarnación Rubio Institution: Universidad de Sevilla Email: encarnirubio@us.es Name: Macarena Marín Rodulfo Institution: Universidad de Sevilla Email: macarenamarinrodulfo@gmail.com Name: Juan Arroyo Institution: Universidad de Sevilla Email: arroyo@us.es ORCID: 0000-0003-4749-2519 Name: Abelardo Aparicio Institution: Universidad de Sevilla Email: abelardo@us.es ORCID: 0000-0001-7122-4421 DESCRIPTION ---------- 1. Dataset language: English 2. Abstract: Premise: Divergence of floral morphology and breeding systems are often expected to be linked to angiosperm diversification and environmental niche divergence. However, available evidence for such relationships remain idiosyncratic, due to different taxonomic, geographical and time scales. The Palearctic genus Helianthemum shows the highest diversity of the family Cistaceae in terms of breeding systems, floral traits and environmental conditions, resulting from three recent evolutionary radiations occurred since the Late Miocene. Here, we investigate the tempo and mode of evolution of floral morphology in the genus, and its link with species diversification and environmental niche divergence. Methods: We quantified eighteen floral traits from 83 taxa and applied phylogenetic comparative methods using a robust phylogenetic framework based on genotyping by sequencing data. Results: The results revealed three different floral morphologies, putatively related to three different breeding systems: (i) type I, characterized by small flowers without herkogamy and low pollen to ovule ratio; (ii) type II, represented by large flowers with approach herkogamy and intermediate pollen to ovule ratio; and (iii) type III, featured by small flowers with reverse herkogamy and the highest pollen to ovule ratio. Each morphology has been highly conserved across each radiation and has evolved independently of species diversification and ecological niche divergence. Conclusions: The combined results of trait, niche and species diversification ultimately recovered a pattern of potentially non-adaptive radiations in Helianthemum and highlight the idea that evolutionary radiations can be decoupled from floral morphology evolution even in lineages that diversified in heterogeneous environments as the Mediterranean Basin. 3. Keywords: Floral morphology; floral trait; breeding system; Helianthemum; Cistaceae; Mediterranean Basin; trait conservatism; trait evolution; evolutionary radiation. 4. Date of data collection (fecha única o rango de fechas): 01/01/2018 5. Publication Date: 21-02-2023 6. Grant information: Grant Agency: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Gobierno de España Grant Number: CGL2014-52459-P Grant Agency: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Gobierno de España Grant Number: CGL2014-52459-P 7. Geographical location/s of data collection: Palearctic region ACCESS INFORMATION ------------------------ 1. Creative Commons License of the dataset: CC-BY 2. Dataset DOI: pending 3. Related publication: Martín-Hernanz S, Albaladejo RG, Lavergne S, Rubio E, Marín-Rodulfo M, Arroyo J & Aparicio A. Strong floral morphology conservatism during the rapid diversification of the genus Helianthemum. American Journal of Botany VERSIONING AND PROVENANCE --------------- 1. Last modification date: 01-01-2021 2. Were data derived from another source?: No 3. Additional related data not included in this dataset: No applicable METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION ----------------------- 1. Description of the methods used to collect and generate the data: We collected a total of 1,122 samples in the field, including both flower buds (673) and fully open flowers (449) from 467 individual plants in 226 populations belonging to 83 species and subspecies (65 species, 10 sections, three subgenera. We measured 18 quantitative and two qualitative variables depicting floral traits. To do so, we dissected the sampled material (flower buds and fully open flowers) under a stereo microscope and counted the number of stamens and ovules to calculate the anther to ovule (A/O) ratio, as well as the stigma width to compute the differences between immature (buds) and mature (fully open) flowers. For each fully open flower, we also measured the petal length and width, the length of the shortest and longest stamen, the ovary height and width, the style and stigma height, the stigma width, and computed the distance between the longest stamen and the pistil length to represent the stigma-anther separation (i.e. herkogamy). We also prepared microscopic slides of pollen grains to measure the maximum and minimum pollen grain diameters. We also estimated the number of pollen grains per flower. To that end, we squashed five randomly selected anthers per sample with entomological needles, which were then inserted into an Eppendorf tube containing Isoton II (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, California, EEUU). We obtained the anthers from the 673 buds instead from open flowers to ensure that anthers had not been dehisced and pollen had not been dispersed. For effective pollen release, anthers were sonicated after being pricked during 40 min at 42 kHz using and Ultrasonic bath Cole-Parmer 8890 (Astuti et al., 2017). Then, we counted the number of pollen grains contained in aliquots of 500 μl using a particle counter (Coulter Multisizer 3, Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, California, EEUU). Pollen production per flower was estimated as the number of pollen grains per anther (mean value of two replicates and five aliquots from each floral bud) multiplied by the number of anthers in that flower. We computed the pollen to ovule ratio (Cruden, 1977) as the total number of pollen grains per flower divided by the number of ovules. Finally, petal colour (yellow, white, or pink) and style type (straight, sigmoid, geniculate, or curly) were recorded for each sample. 2. Data processing methods: All measurements were obtained from scaled digital photographs using ImageJ 1.44p. FILE OVERVIEW ---------------------- 1. File list: File name: Table_mean_values_SD_floral_traits.txt Description: The data set includes two qualitative variables, the mean values and standard deviations of 18 quantitative variables and the type of floral morphology assigned to each species (type I, type II and type III). 2. File format: tab-delimited text file MORE INFORMATION -------------- Access to the dataset via the following link: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/rvbwe487tcopqnzhfpqc8/Table_mean_values_SD_floral_traits.xlsx?dl=0&rlkey=xc9b0sbundqgdt6s335ycna61